Quartz artificial

Bulk and surface imprinting strategies are straightforward tools to generate artificial antibodies. Combined with transducers such as QCM (quartz crystal microbalance), SAW (surface acoustic wave resonator), IDC (interdigital capacitor) or SPR (surface plasmon resonator) they yield powerful chemical sensors for a very broad range of analytes. 

The synchronization phenomenon is probably the best studied nonlinear phenomenon, and it has some engineering applications. Thus, for instance, an artificial synchronization can be easily produced and used for the very accurate control of the speed of small motors synchronized with quartz oscillators as the latter maintain their frequency very... 

Sorption of plutonium (l.fixlO-11 M) and americium (2xl0-9 M) in artificial groundwater (salt concentration 300 mg/liter total carbonate 120 mg/liter Ref. 59) on some geologic minerals, quartz, biotite, o apatite, o attapulgite, montmorillonite. Dashed lines indicate the range for major minerals in igneous rocks. Experimental conditions room temperature, particle size 0.04-0.06 mm, solid/liquid ratio 6-10 g/1, aerated system, contact time 6 days. 

Schafer and coworkers [23] developed a QCM-IL sensor for use as an artificial nose using the ubiquitous [C4Cilm][PFg]. The IL was spin coated onto the surface of a 10 MHz AT-cut quartz crystal with gold electrodes. The work specifically studied the response of the sensor to ethyl acetate. The deposition of the IL on the surface of the electrode decreased the resonance frequency of the QCM by 2017 Hz. Exposure to increasing amounts of ethyl acetate vapor produced a linear increase in frequency, which was attributed to a progressive decrease in viscosity of the IL upon adsorption of the analyte. The response time, given as the time to full saturation of the... 

Shafer, T., Di Francesco, F., and Fuoco, R., Ionic liquids as selective depositions on quartz crystal microbalances for artificial olfactory systems A feasibility study, Microchem. ]., 85, 52-56, 2007. 

Since granite and bentonite/quartz were decided to be the host rock and backfill material, respectively, at an early stage of the project, these two materials were studied for all of the 14 radionuclides selected and for both of the two artificial groundwaters given in Table II. The radionuclides used in the laboratory experiments are given in Table III. 

Emery is a mixture of granular corundum of dark color, magnetite and hematite, sometimes with spinel. Quartz may be present For a long time emery was supposed to be an ore of iron. Until the introduction of artificial abrasives, emery was much used for such purposes. 

By the use of other reagents certain oxidized ores may be floated. For the oxides and carbonates of basic metals, fatty acids such as oleic, and soaps, are frequently useful. These no doubt form an oriented thin film of the soap of the heavy metal present in the mineral, by double decomposition with the surface layer the long hydrocarbon chain is probably oriented outwards. By special activation it is said that even quartz may be floated by the judicious use of soaps, if its surface is contaminated naturally or artificially with small amounts of heavy metals. There would appear to be a vast range of possibilities in the separation of complex minerals, by proper selection of reagents capable of modifying their surfaces. A detailed study of the flotation of various silicate minerals, with oleic acid, has been given by Patek.4... 

Matsuura K, Tsuchida A, Okahata Y, Akaike T, Kobayashi K (1998) A quartz-crystal microbalance study of adsorption behaviors of artificial glycoconjugate polymers onto chemically modified gold surfaces and their interactions with lectins. Bull Chem Soc Jpn 71 2973-2977... 

Figure 8.4. Arsenic elution from abiotic and biotic. S. putrefaciens, an Fe(IIl)-reducing bacterium] columns initially containing As(in)-ferrihydrite-quartz sand. The initial surface coverage (ca. 800 mg Kg ferrihydrite-sand) is approximately 50% of the adsorption maximum. A flow rate of 1 pore volume per day was maintained with an artificial ground water medium. See Herbel and Fendorf (2006) for a detailed description of the medium.

Therefore, these monochromators make it possible, depending on the substrate s initial curvature, to produce parallel or converging beams. The intensity of the beams diffracted by these elements is much higher than the output of traditional monochromators based on quartz or germanium crystal. This is because the curvature of these artificial crystals ensures that all of the incident beams are diffracted, and since their characteristic interplanar distances are typically ten times greater than those of natural crystals, their selectivity is much smaller. 

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