Quantum Tomography

The example of I2 actually has a bigger problem. In quantum tomography, the angular dependence to the ionization rate must be taken into account for 

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Quantum effects, 77 Quantum tomography, 17 Quasi-symmetrical TNSA acceleration, 199... 

A precise analysis of the noise is not the only merit of the phase estimation. Since phase detection represents an indirect measurement, it could serve as the simplest example of quantum tomography. Similar treatment inspired by the ML estimation may be applied to the reconstruction of a generic quantum state, namely that of entangled qubits. 

Gelikonov,V.G., Gelikonov, G.V., Ksenofontov, S.Yu., Kuranov, R.V., Morozov, A.N., Myakov, A.V, Turkin, A.A., Turchin, I.V. and Shabanov, D.V. (2003). New approaches in broadband fiber-optical interferometry for optical coherent tomography Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics 46 550-564. 

Schmitt, J.M. (1999). Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) A Review. IEEE Journal on Select Topics In Quantum Electronics 5 1205-1215. 

This method has recently been utilized by the Konstanz quantum optics group, who has prepared the signal photon in a well-defined, highly pure spatiotemporal mode which can be matched with, coupled into, or caused to interfere with, a classical laser mode. Based on this achievement, we have demonstrated homodyne tomography of the single-photon Fock state [Lvovsky 2001]... 

In order to study the decoherence of quasi-particles within BEC, we use Bragg spectroscopy and Monte Carlo hydrodynamic simulations of the system [Castin 1996], and confirm recent theoretical predictions of the identical particle collision cross-section within a Bose-Einstein condensate. We use computerized tomography [Ozeri 2002] of the experimental images in determining the exact distributions. We then conduct both quantum mechanical and hydrodynamic simulation of the expansion dynamics, to model the distribution of the atoms, and compare theory and experiment [Katz 2002] (see Fig. 2). 

The interest in the FD quantum-optical states has been stimulated by the progress in quantum-optical state preparation and measurement techniques [36], in particular, by the development of the discrete quantum-state tomography [37-42]. There are several other reasons for studying states in FD spaces ... 

Two chapters deal with the analytical side. Quite new is the use of electron tomography, providing inside views of zeolite crystals and mesoporous molecular sieves. The techniques of UV-VIS spectroscopy, photolumincsccncc and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are also not so often applied to zeolites. One chapter reviews the application of quantum-chemical methods to zeolite science to show the necessity of combining experimental and theoretical approaches. 

Dunn, T.J., Wahnsley, I.A., and Mukamel, S., Experimental determination of the quantum-mechanical state of a molecular vihrational mode using fluorescence tomography, Phys. Rev. Lett., 74, 884—887, 1995. 

Electrical conductivity measurements have also been developed as tomography (104). Eddy-current testing (ET) of CFRP laminates is feasible (105). ET is noncontact and NDT, as long as thermal effects fi om resistive heating and energy dissipation are sufficiently small. Superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUID) have been used for ET to detect damage in CFRP (106). However, SQUID... 

Finally, novel multimodal imaging nanoplatforms have also been developed these consist of mimicking nanoparticles with multimodal HDLs into which gold, iron oxide, or quantum dot nanocrystals have been incorporated for computed tomography, MR, and fluorescence imaging. 

F.A. Bonk, E.R. de Azevedo, R.S. Sarthour, J.D. Bulnes, J.C.C. Freitas, A.P. Guimard, I.S. Ohveira, T.J. Bonagamba, Quantum logical operations for spin 3/2 quadrupolar nuclei monitored by quantum state tomography, J. Magn. Reson. 175 (2005) 226. 

Quantum state tomography is a technique which allows the determination of all the matrix elements of the density operator of a system. Such a procedure is very important for QIP, since at the end of an algorithm or protocol, one is usually interested in knowing the quantum state of the system. In Chapter 2, density matrix was introduced in the context of NMR, and in Chapter 4 the quantum state tomography will also be discussed in the context of NMR QIP. In this chapter, these concepts are presented within the QIP formalism. 

Therefore, performing measurements of observables which are the products of the Pauli matrices, it is possible to determine all the elements of the density matrix operator p, with an arbitrary precision. This process is referred to as Quantum State Tomography, and is a procedure for measuring the quantum state of a system. 

The Wigner function is a distribution for the position q) and momentum (p) of a system. From the knowledge of the Wigner function of a system, its density matrix can be determined in a kind of quantum state tomography. 

C. Miquel, J.P. Paz, M. Saraceno, E. Knill, R. Laflamme, C. Negrevergne, Interpretation of tomography and spectroscopy as dual forms of quantum computation. Nature 418 (2002) 59. 

U. Leonhardt, Quantum-state tomography and discrete Wigner function, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 (1995) 4101. 

U. Leonhardt, Discrete Wigner function and quantum-state tomography, Phys. Rev. A S3 (1996) 2998. 

Figure 4.8 shows experimental results for the deviation density matrix obtained after applying each operation for a 2-qubit system Uq, U, and U2 as well as the average state (see also Problems P4.3 and P4.4). The deviation density matrices were obtained using the quantum state tomography process, which will be described in the next section. As it can be seen, the final averaged deviation density matrix is very similar to that of the pure state 100). 

RECONSTRUCTION OF DENSITY MATRICES IN NMR QIP QUANTUM STATE TOMOGRAPHY... 

Reconstruction of density matrices in NMR QIP Quantum State Tomography... 

NMR Quantum State Tomography in coupled spin 1/2 systems... 

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