Quantum optics

Cohen-Tannoud]i C 1991 Atomic motion in laser light Fundamental Systems in Quantum Optics ed J Dalibard et al (Oxford Elsevier)... 

Finally, tlie ability to optically address single molecules is enabling some beautiful experiments in quantum optics. The non-Poissonian photon arrival time distributions expected tlieoretically for single molecules have been observed directly, botli antibunching at short times [112] and bunching on longer time scales [6, 112 and 113]. The fluorescence excitation spectra of single molecules bound to spherical microcavities have been examined as a probe... 

L. Mandel and E. Wolf, Optical Coherence and Quantum Optics, University Press, Cambridge, 1995, Section 3.1,... 

M. N, Scully and M. S. Zubairy, Quantum Optics, University EYess, Cambridge, UK, 1997. 

Mandel, L., Wolf, E., Optical coherence and quantum optics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995... 

Keywords quantum optics, one photon state, photon statistics... 

Statistical properties of light are described within the framework of quantum optics which is based on a quantized description of the electromagnetic field. In section 21.2 we will depict specific experimenfs which have been performed fo show fhaf a quanfum description is necessary in some cases. We will describe in Section 21.3 fhe sfandard fools for fhe analysis of fhe sfafisfical properties of lighf and give fhe resulfs obfained for a number of sources. 

Dravins, D., 2001, Quantum-Optical Signatures of Stimulated Emission in T. Gull, S. Johansson, K. Davidson, eds., Astron. Soc. Pacific Conference series 242, 339... 

Lamb, W.E., Retherford, R.C., 1947, Fine Structure of the Hydrogen Atom by a Microwave Method, Phys. Rev. 72, 241 Mandel, L., Wolf, R, 1995, Optical Coherence and Quantum Optics, Cambridge University Press Newton, 1952, Opticks, Dover... 

Scully, M.O., Zubairy, M.S., 1997, Quantum Optics, Cambridge University Press... 

Mandel L. and Wolf, E., 1995, Optical Coherence and Quantum Optics Cambridge University Press, New York... 

The main hardware types offered by physics are mentioned, namely trapped ions (or trapped atoms), quantum dots, quantum optical cavities, rf superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) and nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defects on diamond. Some are important simply as a benchmark to evaluate the quality of the implementations offered by chemistry, whereas others might be combined with lanthanide complexes to produce heterogeneous quantum information processors which combine the advantages of different hardware types. 

Photons in quantum optical cavities also constitute excellent qubit candidates [52]. Resonant coupling of atoms with a single mode of the radiation field was experimentally achieved 25 years ago [53], and eventually the coherent coupling of quantum optical cavities with atoms or (simple) molecules was suggested as a means to achieve stable quantum memories in a hybrid quantum processor [54]. There might be a role to play for molecular spin qubits in this kind of hybrid quantum devices that combine solid-state with flying qubits. 

Carmichael, H.J. An Open Systems Approach to Quantum Optics Quantum Noise. Springer, 1993 Gardiner, C.W. and P. Zoller. Quantum Noise. Springer, 2000 Orszag, M. Quantum Noise, Springer, 2000. 

Let us briefly mention some formal aspects of the above-introduced formalism, which have been discussed in detail by Blaizot and Marshalek [218]. First, it is noted that the both the Schwinger and the Holstein-Primakoff representations are not unitary transformations in the usual sense. Nevertheless, a transformation may be defined in terms of a formal mapping operator acting in the fermionic-bosonic product Hilbert space. Furthermore, the interrelation of the Schwinger representation and the Holstein-Primakoff representation has been investigated in the context of quantization of time-dependent self-consistent fields. It has been shown that the representations are related to each other by a nonunitary transformation. This lack of unitarity is a consequence of the nonexistence of a unitary polar decomposition of the creation and annihilation operators a and at [221] and the resulting difficulties in the definition of a proper phase operator in quantum optics [222]. 

W. P. Schleich, Quantum Optics in Phase Space, Wiley-VCH, Berlin, 2001. 

For the weak coupling case with Eq. (32), our master equation reduces to the well-known quantum master equation, obtained through the approximation, widely used in quantum optics. This equation describes, among other things, quantum decoherence due to Brownian motion. Hence, we have derived an exact quantum master equation for the transformed density operator p that describes exact decoherence. Furthermore, our master equation cannot keep the purity of the transformed density matrix. Indeed, one can show that if p(t) is factorized into a product of transformed wave functions at t = 0, it will not be factorized into their product for t > 0. This is consistent the nondistributivity of the nonunitary transformation (18). 

Javan, A. Gaseous optical masers. In De Witt, Quantum Optics, Grenoble summer school. New York Gordon and Breach Science Publ. 1964. 

The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the Fonds der chemischen Industrie (by way of a scholarship to B. v. V.) and the Max-Planck Institute for Quantum Optics (Garching, Germany). Very helpful discussions concerning different aspects of the work presented with T. Buckup, J. Hauer, J. Mdhring, and W. Wohlleben are highly appreciated. 

Department of Quantum Optics and Nuclear Physics, Odessa University,... 

This resembles the Bose factor [exp(/zv//cT) — 1] 1 of quantum optics. Of course, the resemblance is no coincidence, both deriving from similar physics. 

In Section 9.4, we present an alternative approach to the TOR for multidimensional quantum dynamical investigations, in which the PT still plays a central role however, now the PT is combined with the concept of pseudomodes, which has found use in quantum optics [47 9], as well as in chemical physics [50-52]. This approach results to the EMDE method, which is a computationally powerful tool,... 

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