Nuclear quantum optics

Finally, availability of more exact data on the. -nucleus and p.-atom interactions is important in astrophysics, studying substance transformation in the Universe, testing the Standard Model etc. [6, 21,49, 50]]. e-p-Y-nuclear spectroscopy of atoms (molecules) opens new prospects in combining nuclear physics and quantum chemistry (atomic physics). These possibilities are strengthened by quickly developed nuclear quantum optics [19-26]. Superintense lasers (raser or even graser) field may provide a definite measurement of the change in the dynamics of the nuclear processes, including the muon capture (and/or y, P-, a-decay) [18-26,48,50],... 

Letokhov VS, Gol dansky VI (1974) JETP 67 513 Ivanov LN, Letokhov VS (1976) JETP 70 19 Ivanov LN, Letokhov VS (1985) Com Mod Phys D 4 169 Glushkov AV, Ivanov LN, Letokhov VS (1991) Nuclear quantum optics. Preprint of Inst, for Spectroscopy of USSR Academy of Sciences (ISAN), N5 Troitsk, pp 1-18... 

Department of Quantum Optics and Nuclear Physics, Odessa University,... 

As the strength of D/A coupling increases, governed by T y, a number of adjustments to the TST rate constant formulation may be required. If nuclear quantum effects are minor, the LZ model may be applied to cases of arbitrary 7jy magnitude, expressed either in terms of a diabatic or adiabatic basis [8J. The relative merits of the two bases (as well as limitations in the applicability of the LZ model) have been discussed recently in conjunction with the analysis of electron transfer from strongly-coupled D/A initial states prepared optically [39, 65]. 

The scientific potential of nuclear gamma-ray astronomy is outlined in section 2. In sections 3 instruments for spectroscopy in the low and medium gamma-ray channel are presented modulating aperture systems, Compton telescopes and diffraction lens telescopes. The three techniques actually reflect our current perception of light itself - they are based on the principles of geometrical optics, quantum optics and wave optics, respectively. 

As the foundation of quantum statistical mechanics, the theory of open quantum systems has remained an active topic of research since about the middle of the last century [1-40]. Its development has involved scientists working in fields as diversified as nuclear magnetic resonance, quantum optics and nonlinear spectroscopy, solid-state physics, material science, chemical physics, biophysics, and quantum information. The key quantity in quantum dissipation theory (QDT) is the reduced system density operator, defined formally as the partial trace of the total composite density operator over the stochastic surroundings (bath) degrees of freedom. 

A future optical device exploiting these two discoveries could write, read and operate on electron spins, while using patterned magnetic regions as memory elements. The region of large nuclear polarization rotates electron spins as they pass by- one necessary operation for quantum computing."... 

By making use of classical or quantum-mechanical interferences, one can use light to control the temporal evolution of nuclear wavepackets in crystals. An appropriately timed sequence of femtosecond light pulses can selectively excite a vibrational mode. The ultimate goal of such optical control is to prepare an extremely nonequilibrium vibrational state in crystals and to drive it into a novel structural and electromagnetic phase. 

Does T differ significantly from unity in typical electron transfer reactions It is difficult to get direct evidence for nuclear tunnelling from rate measurements except at very low temperatures in certain systems. Nuclear tunnelling is a consequence of the quantum nature of oscillators involved in the process. For the corresponding optical transfer, it is easy to see this property when one measures the temperature dependence of the intervalence band profile in a dynamically-trapped mixed-valence system. The second moment of the band,... 

A mixed quantum classical description of EET does not represent a unique approach. On the one hand side, as already indicated, one may solve the time-dependent Schrodinger equation responsible for the electronic states of the system and couple it to the classical nuclear dynamics. Alternatively, one may also start from the full quantum theory and derive rate equations where, in a second step, the transfer rates are transformed in a mixed description (this is the standard procedure when considering linear or nonlinear optical response functions). Such alternative ways have been already studied in discussing the linear absorbance of a CC in [9] and the computation of the Forster-rate in [10]. 

Photostimulated molecular motion is an important photophysical phenomenon frequently exploited in molecular switches. The molecular electronic rearrangements accompanying optical excitation may stimulate nuclear rearrangement of the excited species. Like electron and energy transfer, such processes compete with radiative events and therefore reduce the measured lifetime and quantum yield of emission. The most important nuclear rearrangements in supramolecular species are proton transfer and photoisomerization. 

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