Quantum dots and

Ozkan, M. (2004). Quantum Dots and other Nanoparticles What can they offer to drug discovery . DDT, 9,1065-1071. 

Tamil S.S., Tomokatsu H., Masayuki N., and Martin M. Block copolymer mediated synthesis of gold quantum dots and novel gold-polypyrole nanocomposites, J. Phys. Chem., 103, 7441, 1999. 

Fig. 5.20 Schematic diagram illustrating the energy levels of different-sized CdSe quantum dots and Ti02 (band positions are not drawn to scale). The injection of electrons from CdSe into Ti02 is influenced by the energy difference between the two conduction bands. [Adapted (in gray scale) from [351]]...

Issac, A., Borczyskowski, C. V. and Cichos, F. (2005) Correlation between photoluminescence intermittency of CdSe quantum dots and self-trapped states in dielectric media. Phys. Rev. B, 71, 161302 (R)-l-161302(R)-4. 

In the 1980s, CdSe quantum dots vere prepared by top-dovm techniques such as lithography ho vever, size variations, crystal defects, poor reproducibility, and poor optical properties of quantum dots made them inadequate for advanced applications. Introduction of bottom-up colloidal synthesis of CdSe quantum dots by Murray et al. [3] and its further advancements brought radical changes in the properties of quantum dots and their applications in devices and biology. The colloidal syntheses of CdSe quantum dots are broadly classified into organic-phase synthesis and aqueous-phase synthesis. 

Hering, V. R., Gibson, G., Schumacher, R. I., Faljoni-Alario, A. and Politi, M. J. (2007). Energy transfer between CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots and fluorescent proteins. Bioconjug. Chem. 18, 1705-8. 

Nie, S. and Bailey, R.E. (2007) Alloyed semiconductor quantum dots and concentration-gradient alloyed quantum dots, series comprising the same and methods related thereto. US Patent Application 2007/0111324 Al. 

Chemists have synthesized a spectacular array of submicron- and nano-particles with well-defined size and atomic structure and very special properties. Examples include CdSe quantum dots and novel spheres and rods. Transport enters the picture via fundamental studies of the physical processes that affect the synthesis, which must be understood for even modest scale-up from the milligram level. Likewise, processes for assembling fascinating face-centered-cubic crystals or ordered multilayers must concentrate on organizing the particles via flow, diffusion, or action of external fields. Near-perfection is possible but requires careful understanding and control of the forces and the rates. 

Polymers with specific functionalities can be realized by incorporating various dopants, such as laser dyes, rare earth ions, quantum dots, and functional chromophores into the host polymer. Chromophores are molecules or chemical groups as part of a larger molecule, and they have characteristic absorption bands in the... 

Lifshitz E et al (2006) Stable PbSe/PbS and PbSe/PbSexSl-x core-shell nanocrystal quantum dots and their applications. J Phys Chem B 110 25356-25365... 

Zhou M, Ghosh I (2006) Current trends in peptide science. Quantum dots and peptides a bright future together. Biopolymers (Peptide Science) 88 325-339... 

Wang X, Guo X (2009) Ultrasensitive Pb2+ detection based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between quantum dots and gold nanoparticles. Analyst 134 1348-1354... 

The disadvantages of organic dyes (low photostability, insufficient brightness, short lifetimes, etc.) have resulted in competition from luminescent metal-ligand complexes, semiconductor nanoparticles (Quantum Dots), and conjugated polymers. These new materials show advanced performance in a variety of applications... 

Quantum clusters are highly photostable when compared with organic fluorophores. A study was conducted to check the photostability of clusters in comparison to organic fluorophores and semiconductor quantum dots [12]. Photostability of a gold cluster capped with dihydrolipoic acid (AuNC DHLA) was compared with polymer coated CdSe/ZnS semiconductor quantum dots and two different organic fluorophores namely fluorescein and rhodamine 6G (Fig. 5). For the study, 20 pi of fluorescent AuNC DHLA was dissolved in sodium borate buffer of pH 9. The sample was loaded into a quartz cuvette and was exposed to blue-light (480 nm)... 

Well-defined Quantum Dots and Morphological Control of Nanomaterials... 

On a somewhat larger scale, there has been considerable activity in the area of nanocrystals, quantum dots, and systems in the tens of nanometers scale. Interesting questions have arisen regarding electronic properties such as the semiconductor energy band gap dependence on nanocrystal size and the nature of the electronic states in these small systems. Application [31] of the approaches described here, with the appropriate boundary conditions [32] to assure that electron confinement effects are properly addressed, have been successful. Questions regarding excitations, such as exdtons and vibrational properties, are among the many that will require considerable scrutiny. It is likely that there will be important input from quantum chemistry as well as condensed matter physics. 

Irantzu, L., et ah, Carbon nanotube surface modification with polyelectrolyte brushes endowed with quantum dots and metal oxide nanoparticles through in situ synthesis. Nanotechnology, 2010. 21(5) p. 055605. 

GoreU JM, Johnson CC, Rybicki BA, Peterson EL, Richardson RJ (1998) The risk of Parkinson s disease with exposure to pesticides, farming, well water, and rural hving. Neurology 50 1346-1350 Green M, Howman E (2004) Semiconductor quantum dots and free radical induced DNA nicking. Chem Comm 121 121-123... 

Figure 17.1. (a) Quantum wells, (b) quantum wires, (c) ordered arrays of quantum boxes, (d) random quantum dots, and (e) an aggregate of nanometer-size grains. 

Yoffe, A. D. Semiconductor quantum dots and related systems Electronic, optical, luminescence and related properties of low dimensional systems. Adv. Phys. 50, 1-208 (2001). 

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