Cross-Sectional Morphology

Fig. 19 —Cross-sectional morphologies of (a) TiN coating with hardness of 26 GPa, and (b) TiN/Si3N4 coating with optimum Si content of 10.8 at. % and hardness of 47.1 GPa deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering.

The scanning electron microscopy micrographs shown in the body of this manuscript were taken by AMR-1000 and Jeol C-35 instruments. All specimens were gold-palladium coated. To obtain the cross-section morphologies, the membranes were fragmented in liquid nitrogen. 

Fig. 12.8. Cross-sectional morphologies of some of the rayon fibers, (a) High wet modulus (b) regular rayon (c) crimped HWM (d) hollow (e) cuprammonium (f) trilobal. (Sources All except trilobah Turbak, A., "Rayon" in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, 2nd ed., Vol. 14, p. 55, copyright John Wiley Sons, Inc., New York, 1985 and used with permission of the copyright owner trilobal photo Gupta, B. S. and Hong, C.T., INJ, 7(1), 38 (1995).)...

FIGURE 25.30 Images for -AljOj hollow fibers obtained by ceramic paste extrusion (a) cross-section morphology, (b) surface morphology. (From Pan, X.L., Stroh, N., Brunner, H., Xiong, G.X., and Sheng, S.S., Separation Purification Technology, 32, 265, 2003.)... 

FIGURE 8.22. Cross-section morphology of PS layers formed in 1% HP solution at different potentials. After Zhang. (Reproduced by permission of The Electrochemical Society, Inc.)... 

Microscopy can provide visual details of the membrane surface and cross-section morphology. Image analysis of micrographs can give quantitative data from these direct observations. 

The B4C cross-section morphologies of field A and field B were shown in Fig.3. The temperature fields also have an important influence on cross-sections of deposits. Under the role of field A, the cross-section morphologies were dense, coarse and crystal-like. The fracture surface could be... 

Figure.3 SEM photos of cross-section morphologies for boron carbide deposited at different...

Y. Su, X. Jian, S. Zhang, and C. Yan. Preparation of novel PPES-B UF membrane with good thermal stability The effect of additives on membrane performance and cross-section morphology. J. Membr. ScL, 271(l-2) 205-214, March 2006. 

In cross-sectional morphology, specimens from 8 to 13.5 weeks of age had VNOs with a relatively small lumen (Figure 2). The vomeronasal epithelium of these specimens had two to five rows of nuclei from the basal to apical borders. One row of nuclei was spatially close to the basement membrane, and thus resembled nuclei of basal cells. Co-... 

One of the important features of AFM that cannot be easily utilized in the AFM study of cross-sectional structures is the roughness parameters, since the surface roughness of the sample depends on the method of slicing or fracturing the membrane. As well, nanoscale or submicroscale void spaces have not yet been observed in the cross section. The AFM applications in the study of the cross-sectional morphology have only begun. More efforts in this research held are called for. 

In order to determine the cross-sectional morphology and the average diameter of the nanofibres produced, micrographs were taken along, and perpendicular to, the axes of the nanofibres. The nanofibres were analysed using an X-ray diffractometer. The angles (20) of diffraction of all samples were measured from 5° to 50 in the equatorial direction. 

Im et al (2007) have developed a manufacturing technique to produce monofilament sutures by a conjugate spinning method. Two absorbable polymers, PDS and a copolymer of / -dioxanone, trimethylene carbonate and e-caprolactone were used in this spinning method. The resulting bicomponent monofilament suture fiber (MonoFlex ) has 97 mol% / -dioxanone and exhibits the sea/islands type cross-sectional morphology shown in Fig. 11.2. These sea/island type bicomponent materials can place many fine strands... 

Fig. 7.54 Cross-section morphologies of the fibers in 3D SiC/SiC composite after a monotonic tension test b tension-tension fatigue test [31], With kind permission of Elsevier...

Figure 21.5 SEM images of polyurethane nerve-guided scaffold with controlled microporosity (a) cross section morphology (h) waU microstructure.

Figure 5.9 FESEM images of P(3HB-co-4HB) (a surface morphology b cross-section morphology), BC (c surface morphology d cross-section morphology) and P(3HB-co-4HB)/BC nanocomposite scaffolds (e surface morphology f cross-section morphology).

Fig. 2 Cross section morphology of a PS/PMMA blend (9/1) film prepared by casting the solution in toluene at a slow evaporation rate. Bright domains represent the dye-labeled PMMA-rich phase. Reprinted with permission of [7], copyright (1997) American Chemical Society...

The following section examines the effects of combining an SMPU treatment with DMDHEU and LA. First, the macroscopic properties, snch as tensile strength and surface appearance, are measured second, the cross-section morphology is studied by optical and electronic microscopes, and finally, the crystal stractiues of these treated cotton fabrics are investigated. 

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