Quantitative enzyme immunoassays

Engvall, E. Pesce, A.J. "Quantitative Enzyme Immunoassay" Blackwell Scientific Oxford, 1978. 

Quantitative Enzyme Immunoassay (E. Engvall and A. J. Pesce, eds.). Scand. J. Immunol. Suppl. 7, Vol. 8. Blackwell, Oxford, 1978. 

Dowsett M. Comparison of new immunohisto-chemical assay for estrogen receptor in paraffin wax embedded breast carcinoma tissue with quantitative enzyme immunoassay. J Cfin Pathol 1994 47 900-5. 

Ternyck TH and Avrameas S (eds.) (1990) Quantitative enzyme immunoassays. In Immunoenzymatic Techniques. Vol. 1 - Techniques in Immunology, pp. 43-68. Amsterdam Elsevier. 

Pankey, S. et al. 1986. Quantitative homogeneous enzyme immunoassays for amitriptyline, nortriptyline, imipramine, and desipramine. Clin Chem. 32 768. 

Several qualitative and quantitative immunochemical methods for CAP analysis in biological matrices of animal origin have been described [101,102, 104,105] (see Table 3). Van de Water et al. [ 102] described an ELISA that detected CAP in swine muscle tissue with an IC50 value of 3 ng mL1. This immunoassay was improved and subsequently optimized incorporating the streptavidin-biotin amplification system. There are also several commercially available test kits (see Table 4). RIDASCREEN is a competitive enzyme immunoassay for the quantitative analysis of CAP residues in milk, eggs, and meat in a microtiter plate. The measurement is made photometrically, obtaining a LOD of 100 ng L 1 in meat and eggs and 150 ng L 1 in milk. The test has been also applied to the analysis of tetracyclines. 

On the other hand, the 5091 CAP lp test is a direct competitive enzyme immunoassay for the quantitative analysis of these residues in milk, eggs, meat,... 

Johnson and Van Emon [57] have described a quantitative enzyme based immunoassay procedure for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in soils and sediments and compared the results with those obtained by a gas chromatographic method. The soil is extracted with methanol, or Soxhlet extracted or extracted with a supercritical fluid. In the case of the latter two extractants good agreement was obtained between immunoassay and gas chromatographic methods. Spiking recoveries from soil achieved ranged from 104% (Aroclor 1248) to 107% (Aroclor 1242). Detection limits were 9pg kg-1 (Aroclor 1245) and 10.5pg kg-1 (Aroclor 1242). Chlorinated anisoles, benzenes or phenols did not interfere. 

The introduction of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and similar allied immunoassay techniques in early eighties showed, in fact, a brighter path towards quantitative analysis. 

Complex formation Labelled molecules Quantitative or qualitative Radioimmunoassay Enzyme immunoassay I mmunohistochemistry Immunoblotting... 

Benzimidazole carbamates have generally been determined by HPLC (20,124-126), although other methods have been reported based on enzyme immunoassay (147) or in gas chromatography (124). The commercial availability of high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) plates with layers of very different polarities has improved the sensitivity, selectivity, and analytical precision of TLC, which has led to a reconsideration of the use of this technique for qualitative and quantitative analysis (54). 

Enzyme immunoassay kits are now available for qualitative field testing or for laboratory screening and semiquantitative analysis of pesticides, herbicides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), mononuclear and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, pentachlorophenol, nitroorganics, and many other compounds in aqueous and soil samples. Certain analytes may be quantitatively determined as well, with a degree of accuracy comparable to gas chromatography or high performance liquid chromatography determination. The method is rapid and inexpensive. 

Huber, S.J. and B. Hock (1985). A solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for quantitative determintation of the herbicide terbutryn. 

H29. Holmquist, L., Quantitation of human serum very low density apolipoproteins C-I, C-II, C-III and E by enzyme immunoassay. J. Immunol. Methods 34, 243-251 (1980). 

Other purified enzyme assays include quantitative measurements of oxygen consumption with a Clark electrode in prostaglandin biosynthesis [108], radioimmunoassay (RIA) [109], enzyme immunoassay (EIA). [110,111], and a pulsed ultrafiltration liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) binding assay [112],... 

ABA is detected and quantified by enzyme immunoassay with a monoclonal antibody.578 The detection limit of immunoassay with a monoclonal antibody is about 0.02 pmol however, enzyme immunoassay cannot exclude cross-reactivity with unknown substances, so GC- or LC-SIM analysis using the stable isotope dilution method is recommended for correct quantitation. As internal standards labeled with the stable isotope, deuterated derivatives of ABA such as [3, 5, 5, 7, 7, 7 -2H6]ABA (ABA-//6)579 and [7, 7, 7 -2H3] derivatives of phaseic and dihydrophaseic acids580 are used. 

M22. Mobbs, B. G., lohnson, I. E., and Lui, Y., Quantitation of cytosolic and nuclear estrogen and progesterone receptor in benign, untreated, and malignant human prostatic tissue by radioligand binding and enzyme-immunoassays. Prostate 16, 235-244 (1990). 

Enzyme immunoassays are now firmly established as precise quantitative methods for the determination of various antigenic substances and antibodies. Proceedings of symposia, " reviews, " and monographs ... 

If the fluorescent emission spectrum of the bound labeled ligand is sufficiently displaced, enhanced or decreased in intensity (quenched) relative to that of the free labeled ligand, the resulting spectroscopic measurements can be used for quantitation without a separation step. Additionally, the techniques previously described in enzyme immunoassays, such as reactant-labeled immimoassay, can form the bases of fluorescent... 

Blecka, L.J. Shaffar, M. Dworschack, R. Inhibitor enzyme immunoassays for quantitation of various haptens a review. In Immunoenzymatic Techniques Avrameas, S., Dmet, P., Mosseyeff, R., Feldman, G., Eds. Elsevier Amsterdam, 1983 207. 

Cikes N, Momoi MY, Williams CL, Howard FM Jr, Hoagland HC, Whittingham S, Lermon VA. Striational autoantibodies quantitative detection by enzyme immunoassay in myasthenia gravis, thymoma, and recipients of D-penicillamine or allogeneic bone marrow. Mayo Qin Proc 1988 63(5) 474-81. 

Principle and procedure Quantitative two-site sandwich-type enzyme immunoassay. 

ST57 Croci, D., Bemardi, G., Ariano, C. and Nespolo, A. (1989). A recent Stratus automated fluorometric enzyme immunoassay for quantitation of carbama-zepine, phenytoin and phenobarbital in serum and plasma. Biochim. Clin. 13, Suppl. 1/8, 370, Abstr. C 93. 

In many clinical laboratories, gel-based methods are restricted to qualitative studies. Quantitative data are more commonly obtained by turbidimetric and nephelometric methods, radioimmunoassays, enzyme immunoassays (EIAs), and fluorometric immunoassays. 

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