Quantification of residual

Typical applications at Polysar included the quantification of residual solvents and monomers in finished rubber products (e.g. styrene in SBR), quality control of feedstocks such as benzene or ethyl benzene as impurities in styrene monomer, and the analysis of samples collected from environmental monitoring programs. 

Identification/quantification of residual monomers/solvents/volatile additives... 

Tl. Thompson, J. D., Brodsky, I., and Yunis, J. J., Molecular quantification of residual disease in chronic myelogenous leukemia after bone marrow transplantation. Blood 79, 1629-1635 (1992). 

Brisco MJ, Condon J, Hughes E et al. Outcome predietion in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia by molecular quantification of residual disease at the end of induction. Lancet 1994 343 196-200. 

Quantification of residual stresses after manufacture. The build up of thermal stresses starts during fabrication of the laminate when it is cooled from the stress free temperature to room temperature. The stress free temperature in the case of an amorphous thermoplastic as used in this study is taken as the glass transition temperature [1] Tg of the Polyetherimide used is 215°C). On a fibre-matrix scale, the contraction of the matrix ( = 57 x 10 /°C) is constrained by the presence of the fibre (cif = -1 x 10 /°C for the carbon in the fibre direction). This results in residual stresses on a fibre-matrix scale (microscale). On a macroscopic scale, the properties of a unidirectional layer can be considered trans ersally isotropic. This means, in turn, that a multidirectional composite will not only contain stresses on a microscale, but also on a ply-to-ply (macroscopic) scale. 

Liquid chromatography-thermospray-mass spectrometry has been successfully applied for the detection/ confirmation of nicarbazin residues in chicken tissues using negative-ion detection in SIM mode. Liquid chromatography-thermospray-mass spectrometry in SIM mode has also been used for the quantification of residues of moxidectin in cattle tissues and fat, ° and nitroxynil, rafoxanide, and levamisole in muscle. Confirmatory methods based on LC-TSP-MS have been further reported for the determination of penicillin G, cephapirin, and various penicillin derivatives " in mUk. Comparative evaluation of the confirmatory efficiency of LC-TSP-MS and LC-TSP-MS-MS in the assay of maduramycin in chicken fat showed the former approach to be marginally appropriate, whereas the latter is highly efficient. Tandem LC-MS-MS has also been successfully applied in the analysis of residues of chloramphenicol in milk and fish. ... 

The utility of the MBI for quantification of residue levels of pesticides has been demonstrated by Cairns and Siegmund (23) under both El and Cl conditions. The linear dynamic range in these experiments extended from low picogram to high nanogram levels. 

Hochhaus A, Lin F, Reiter A, Skladny H, Mason PJ, van Rhee F, et al. Quantification of residual disease in chronic myelogenous leukemia patients on interferon-alpha therapy by competitive polymerase chain reaction. Blood 1996 87 1549-55. 

After adsorption, elemental analyses of the filtrates reveal boehmite dissolution, which exactly coincides with the Anderson-type polyanion formation on boehmite surface. From the quantification of residual molybdenum and the total dissolved aluminum concentration determined by ICP after equilibrium, calculations show that one more entity, the Anderson-type polyanion has to be taken into account (Fig. 6). These computational results are in agreement with A1 liquid state NMR experiments (Fig. 7) indeed, the NMR spectrum of the filtrate exhibits a single peak at 16 ppm, characteristic of the Al chemical shift of the central A1 atom in the Anderson-type polyanion structure [18]. The above results suggest that the Anderson-type formation and further adsorption might occur in solution thanks to the removal of some aluminum atoms from boehmite carrier. 

Another ILA assay has also been developed for the quantification of residual DNA in clinical BBG2Na batches (Lokteff et ah, 2001). As for HCP, this assay demonstrated the clearance of residual DNA during the downstream process. The amount of residual DNA found in the final bulks was below 20 pg per 300 pg of BBG2Na, which was the highest dose of antigen tested in clinical trials. This was confirmed with sensitive hybridization assays based on specific probes for plasmid and genomic DNA (Lokteff et ah, 2001). 

CAC/GL 40-1993, Rev. 1-2003, sets out detailed requirements for laboratories working on residue analyses. They must be specifically designed to allow safe operation for staff and free from contamination that could cast doubt on the results generated by staff working in the facility. For instance, sample receipt, storage, and preparation should be in dedicated areas where potential contamination from external sources can be eliminated. It follows from this that analytical standards used in analyses for confirming the identification and quantification of residues should be prepared in secure areas well isolated from routine analytical work. 

NatureWorks LLC, 2010a. Quantification of Residual Lactide in Polylactide (PLA) by Gas Chromotography (GC) Using a Flame Ionization Detector (FID)- External Release Version. 

Quantification of residues is of increasing importance, especially close to the MRL, MPL, or any other decision limit, e.g., the CCa (critical concentration alpha) [8,9], In a manner analogous to that described above, interferences may influence the abundance of the analyte ions or the internal standard ions resulting in a false quantification. 

Figure 11.11 Solid-state H MAS and relaxometry can provide structural information on a silicone network, (a-b) H MAS allows direct observation and quantification of residual levels of reactive side groups and crosslink moieties in a solid elastomer series formulated with varying ratios of vinyl to silane groups from 1 1 to 8 1 Si-H to vinyl. Note that it is the hydrolyzed sUanol we detect, (c) Direct measurement of the distribution of can be measured and correlated to network modality and structiu e (e.g., changes in crosslink density, modality and free chain ends), in (c) we observe that a 68K Da monomodal network, an 8 and 68 KDa bimodal system and a 68 KDa monomial network with 20 mol % free chain ends each have a distinct response.

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