Identification/quantification

Khachik, F. et al., Identification, quantification, an relative concentrations of carotenoids and their serum metabolites in human milk and serum, Anal. Chem., 69, 1873, 1997. 

Chandra, A., Rana, J., and Li, Y., Separation, identification, quantification, and method validation of anthocyanins in botanical supplement raw materials by HPLC and HPLC-MS, J. Agric. Food Chem., 49, 3515, 2001. 

Rohrer, J. S., Cooper, G. A., and Townsend, R. R., Identification, quantification, and characterization of glycopeptides in reversed-phase HPLC separations of glycoprotein proteolytic digests, Anal. Biodiem., 212, 7, 1993. 

Applications Chromatography is a preferred technique for additive analysis as it allows both separation of additives in a mixture and subsequent quantitation. Despite the developments in GC, this technique cannot separate many polymer additives. Even with its lower efficiency in comparison to GC, HPLC is today one of the cornerstones in a polymer additive laboratory. Judging by the number of publications in recent years, HPLC is first among analytical methods for additives (confirmation/identification/quantification). Most additives may be analysed by HPLC if they can be dissolved in an HPLC solvent and absorb UV light. Typical polymer/additive analyses are carried out using LPE followed by HPLC with UV or RI detection [605-611]. Verification of the identity of an analyte is then based on a combination of retention time, UV and RI evidence. RPLC is used most frequently for polymer/additive analysis, but normal-phase and SEC are also used. Consequently, techniques for additive analysis by HPLC are legion. 

Identification/quantification of residual monomers/solvents/volatile additives... 

Occasionally there is the need for simultaneous determination of MW, MWD of polymers and identifica-tion/quantilication of additives [38]. This was the case for polymer and additive analysis of SBR/(softeners, flavour agents, stabilisers) (chewing gum) [41]. The many constituents of the SBR portion of the sample were not resolved, since adjacent components were similar in size. It should be stressed, however, that the need for simultaneous determination of the molecular weight of polymers and the identification/quantification of additives is exceptional rather than the rule. The determination of molecular weight distributions by SEC has indicated that oligomer fractions analysed by dissolution and (Soxhlet) extraction methods may differ essentially [42],... 

The uncertainty evaluation process can be broken down into four stages specification, identification, quantification and combination. 

Ribick, M.A., G.R. Dubay, J.D. Petty, D.L. Stalling, and CJ. Schmitt. 1982. Toxaphene residues in fish identification, quantification and confirmation at part per billion levels. Environ. Sci. Technol. 16 310-318. Rice, C.P. 1993. Homologue concentrations of chlorobomanes in selected samples from the Bering/Chukchi Sea. Chemosphere 27 1937-1947. 

Compound Matrix Extraction Clean- up/treatment Identification/ quantification Concentration (pgL-1) Concentration (mg kg-1) Reference... 

Source of contamination Compound Extraction Clean-up/treatment Identification/quantification Reference... 

Questions five and six address the actual identification, quantification and valuation of resources and costs. Resources previously identified as being relevant to the analysis have to be collected, measured and reported in appropriate units. For example, if blood tests are determined to be a resource that is important to the analysis, the actual number of each specific test performed must be recorded (e.g. five CBCs). Because of differing treatment regimens across regions or countries, it is extremely important that there is full disclosure of each resource identified, along with the frequency of use. Such resource dictionaries allow the person critically evaluating the analysis to determine whether the treatment patterns in the analysis accurately reflect treatment patterns in their area. In addition, the unit cost/price for each resource should be provided, along with the source of each value. The provision of unit prices/costs allows the reader to determine whether the relative costs shown in the analysis are similar to those foimd in his or her area. 

Bottom-up, error budget, Identification, quantification, Holistic all important Complex, expensive, time Eurachem [13], ISO... 

Microbiological or immunochemical techniques offer the advantage to screen rapidly and at low cost a large number of food samples for potential drug residues but cannot provide definitive information on the identity of the specific drug residues found. Unlike microbiological and immunochemical techniques, physicochemical techniques actually aim at the identification, quantification, and/or confirmation of the presence of violative residues in suspected samples. 

Marsh G, Athanasiadou M, Athanassiadis I, Bergman A, Endo T, Haraguchi K (2005) Identification, Quantification, and Synthesis of a Novel Dimethoxylated Polybrominated Biphenyl in Marine Mammals Caught off the Coast of Japan. Environ Sci Technol 39 8684... 

The use of this quantitative NMR technique, allowed identification, quantification, and characterization of bioactive natural compounds, while the use of a regression method, like PLS, was proposed for the quantification of partially overlapped NMR signals (Fig. 4.21). 

As mentioned above, spectroscopy is an umbrella term for a range of techniques that allow identification, quantification and determination of molecular stmcture of biomolecules. This technology also allows the bioanalytical chemist to follow key reaction pathways including, for example, the rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction. 

Bottom-up based on the identification, quantification, and combination of all individual sources of measurement uncertainty... 

Proteomics is an emerging field of intensive research in the post-genomic era that involves the global analysis of gene expression, including identification, quantification, and characterization of proteins [114,115]. Although proteins are a translated version of genes, the complexity of proteins is enormous. As many as 1 milhon proteins can exist in the proteome. An estimated 20,000 proteins are expressed in a particular type of cells at any time. All proteins do not... 

Risk identification, quantification, and contingency planning is best accomplished with the full core team being involved. 

Limit of Detection Identification Quantification Linear Range Range... 

Silver ion TLC is a simple but reliable approach for separation, identification, quantification, and preparative isolation of fatty acids in lipid samples, depending on the number, configuration, position, and chain length (see Refs. [1-9] for additional information). 

Price DT, Schwinn DA, Lomasney JW, Allen LF, Caron MG, Lefkowitz RJ. Identification, quantification, and localization of mRNA for three distinct a, adrenergic receptor subtypes in human prostate. J Urol 1993 150 546-551. 

Type of analytical/screening method Identification Quantification QA/QC... 

---