Quality requirements average content

It is also stated that the amount of a drug substance of a medicine prepared in the pharmacy does not deviate more than 10 % of the amount of that substance that is mentioned on the label of the container. For the average content of the active substance the quality requirements from a foreign Pharmacopoeia are not applicable. It is important to note that all quality requirements are valid in principal until the expiry date of the product. 

To ensure disposal water quality is in line with regulatory requirements (usually 40 ppm), the oil content in water is monitored by solvent extraction and infrared spectroscopy. The specification of 40 ppm refers to an oil in water content typically averaged over a one month period. 

Desired Effluent Quality. This is the single most important factor that decides the ultimate type/combination of equipment required. The criteria used in computing influent quality apply equally in establishing effluent quality Note that analyzers that use solvent-extraction principles measure soluble oil content also. Average solubility of hydrocarbons in water has typically been found to be 20 ppm in Bahrain oil fields. The results obtained with solvent-extraction methods on effluent samples shall be inclusive of dissolved hydrocarbons. For example, a 35-ppm result represents an effluent quality of IS ppm of free floatable od. 

The quality of coal burned by electric utilities in 1969 was compared plant-by-plant and state-by-state with regulations in state implementation programs. About 44 million tons of coal consumed by electric utilities in 1969 in 255 units could meet the standard, whereas 259 million tons with an average sulfur content of 2.81% was burned in 1010 units that could not meet standards and would require control measures. 

Reverse osmosis is a cross-flow membrane separation process which separates a feed stream into a product stream and a reject stream. The recovery of a reverse osmosis plant is defined as a percentage of feedwater that is recovered as product water. As all of the feedwater must be pretreated and pressurized, it is economically prudent to maximize the recovery in order to minimize power consumption and the size of the pretreatment equipment. Since most of the salts remain in the reject stream, the concentration of salts increases in that stream with increased recovery. For instance, at 50% recovery, the salt concentration in the reject is about double that of the feed and at 90% recovery, the salt concentration in the reject is nearly 10 times that of the feed. In cases of sparingly soluble salts, such as calcium sulfate, the solubility limits may be exceeded at a high recovery. This could result in precipitation of the salt on the membrane surface resulting in decreased flux and/or increased salt passage. In addition, an increase in recovery will increase the average salt concentration in the feed/reject stream and this produces a product water with increased salt content. Consequently, the recovery of a reverse osmosis plant is established after careful consideration of the desired product quality, the solubility limits of the feed constituents, feedwater availability and reject disposal requirements. 

An adequate degree of substitution is required for the xanthate solution in dilute NaOH, which is given as y-value (number of mols CS2/IOO mols glucose units). The concentration of the sodium hydroxide determines the content of the viscose alkali. By varying the degree of substitution, the content of the alkali and the average length of the chain, different qualities of viscose can be achieved. 

---