Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography Techniques

The 2-hydroxyethyl group in 2-hydroxyethylated starch has been determined by a pyrolysis-gas chromatography technique in which the peak for acetaldehyde is used as a measure of the degree of substitution... 

Py/GC/MS. pyrolysis, gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry used as a combined technique Py/MS. pyrolysis and mass spectrometry used as a combined technique oa-TOF. orthogonally accelerated time of flight Q. quadrupole field or instrument... 

For compounds of high molecular mass, however, the formation of derivatives does not help to solve the problem of in volatility. This difficulty may be overcome by breaking the large molecules up into smaller and more volatile fragments which may then be analysed by gas-liquid chromatography, i.e. by using the technique known as pyrolysis gas chromatography (PGC). 

J.M. Challinor, A pyrolysis derivatisation gas chromatography technique for the structural elucidation of some synthetic polymers, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol., 16, 323 333 (1989). 

Techniques are available to quantify the generation of smoke, toxic and corrosive fire products using the NBS Smoke Chamber (15), pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (PY-GC-MS) (J 6), FMRC Flammability Apparatus (2,3,5,17,18), OSU Heat Release Rate Apparatus (13) and the NIST Cone Calorimeter (JJO. Techniques are also available to assess generation of 1) toxic compounds in terms of animal response (19), and 2) corrosive compounds in terms of metal corrosion (J 7). In the study, FMRC techniques and AMTL PY-GC-MS techniques were used. 

For more volatile compounds in soils, such as aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, chloroaliphatic hydrocarbons, haloaromatic hydrocarbons, acetonitrile, acrylonitrile and mixtures of organic compounds a combination of gas chromatography with purge and trap analysis is extremely useful. Pyrolysis gas chromatography has also found several applications, heteroaromatic hydrocarbons, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, polymers and haloaromatic compounds and this technique has been coupled with mass spectrometry, (aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and mixtures of organic compounds). 

Thomas etal. [72] used pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as a fast economic screening technique for polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Thomas used reverse-phase liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry for the determination of polycyclic aromatic sulphur heterocycles in sediments. 

Major instrumentation involved with the generation of thermal property behavior of materials includes thermogravimetric analysis (TG, TGA), DSC, differential thermal analysis (DTA), torsional braid analysis (TBA), thermomechanical analysis (TMA), thermogravimetric-mass spectrometry (TG-MS) analysis, and pyrolysis gas chromatography (PGQ. Most of these analysis techniques measure the polymer response as a function of time, atmosphere, and temperature. 

One of the simplest techniques is pyrolysis gas chromatography (PGC) in which the gases resulting from the pyrolysis of a polymer are analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). This technique may be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The latter requires calibration with known amounts of a standard polymer pyrolyzed under the same conditions as the unknown. 

This study reports two gel permeation techniques used to evaluate water at various stages of (potable water) treatment. The water samples were taken from a surface-water pilot treatment plant that employed several levels of ozone treatment. Selected fractions of the permeate were subsequently analyzed by pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 

If the sample to be analyzed is nonvolatile then one can call upon the technique of pyrolysis gas chromatography. This is a modification wherein a nonvolatile sample is pyrolyzed prior to... 

Other techniques that have been used to determine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil extracts include ELISA field screening [86], micellar elec-tr okinetic capillary chromatography [ 87], supersonic jet laser-induced fluorescence [88,89], fluorescence quenching [90], thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [81,90,100], microwave-assisted extraction [91], thermal desorption [92], immunochemical methods [93,94], electrophoresis [96], thin layer chromatography [95], and pyrolysis gas chromatography [35]. 

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