Pyrolysis Carbonization Technology

Schematic overview of flash pyrolysis reactor technologies. (Reproduced from Meier, D., and Faix, O., Wood and Biomass Utilization for the Carbon Uptake, Seoul National University, 2005. With permission.)...

Flame pyrolysis Carbon source + metallocene catalyst, conventional low pressure pyrolysis reactor 2-3 Low yield, bad quality. Still under development. Plant technology available, large commercialization potential... 

Innovatory boronated carbons (manufactured in the Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum and Coal, Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland) were obtained by co-pyrolysis of coal-tar pitch with a pyridine-borane complex. In the first stage of pyrolysis (520°C) the so-called semi-coke is obtained. Further carbonization at 2500°C leads to obtaining boron-doped carbonaceous material (sample labeled 25B2). 

Slow pyrolysis, also called carbonization, is characterized by a high charcoal yield and is not considered for hydrogen production processes. The slow pyrolysis of wood (24 h typical residence time) was a common industrial technology to produce charcoal, acetic acid, methanol, and ethanol from wood until the early 1900s. 

HYTORT A process for making gaseous and liquid fuels from oil shale. Developed by the Institute of Gas Technology, Chicago, in 1959. It uses high-pressure hydrogenation, which recovers more of the carbon from shale than does pyrolysis. In 1981 a joint venture of IGT with the Phillips Petroleum Company was formed in order to make a feasibility study. 

EPR has been observed and studied in porous carbons by numerous authors 178-182). The carbons studied have been prepared by pyrolysis of organic material such as dextrose 180), coal 181), and natural gas or oils 181,182). Porous carbons are of considerable technological importance and show catalytic activity for the ortho-parahydrogen conversion, the hydrogen-deuterium reaction, and many reactions of inorganic complex ions 156). Relationships between the characteristics of the EPR absorption and the catalytic activity of porous carbons for the o-p Hj and Hj-D reactions have been demonstrated by Turkevich and Laroche 183). 

It has been demonstrated that the deep pyrolysis technology used to prodnce HSGD can be applied to other carbonic sorbents made from granular synthetic, natural and fibrous raw materials. 

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency s Control Technology Center recognizes the need for data describing the air quality impacts of two of these disposal options the controlled burning of tires to recover its fuel value and pyrolysis for fuel and carbon black. The purpose of this report is to summarize available air emissions and control data and information on tire pyrolysis and burning tires for fuel. 

Figure 18. Distribution by carbon number of the monocyclic sulfides in the pyrolysis oil of Athabasca asphaltene as determined by SIR-GC/MS. Peaks labelled 15 correspond to compounds having 15 carbon atoms. Each fragmentogram is normalized to the most abundant peak. The relative intensities of the m/z = 87, 101 and 115 fragmentograms are 9.1 3.1 1.0, respectively. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 26. Copyright 1988, Alberta Oil Sands Technology and Research Authority.)...

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