Purification solid supported

R. J. Booth and J.C. Hodges, Solid-supported reagent strategies for rapid purification of combinatorial synthesis products, Acc Chem Res 32 18-26 1999. 

The book also outlines recent developments in synthe (e.g., combinatorial chemishy, solid support chemistry, fluorous chemistry) and the corresponding purification procedures that will provide maiiy of the commercially supplied chrnnical substances in years to come. Additionally, interesting perspective out the future of purification Is jHovided by the autiuxrs, based on their years of experience. 

Chapters 1 and 2 have been reorganised and updated in line with recent developments. A new chapter on the Future of Purification has been added. It outlines developments in syntheses on solid supports, combinatorial chemistry as well as the use of ionic liquids for chemical reactions and reactions in fluorous media. These technologies are becoming increasingly useful and popular so much so that many future commercially available substances will most probably be prepared using these procedures. Consequently, a knowledge of their basic principles will be helpful in many purification methods of the future. 

Flash chromatography is widely employed for the purification of crude products obtained by synthesis at a research laboratory scale (several grams) or isolated as extracts from natural products or fermentations. The solid support is based on silica gel, and the mobile phase is usually a mixture of a hydrocarbon, such as hexane or heptane, with an organic modifier, e.g. ethyl acetate, driven by low pressure air. (Recently the comparison of flash chromatography with countercurrent chromatography (CCC), a technique particularly adapted to preparative purposes, has been studied for the separation of nonchiral compounds [90].)... 

Since 1978, several papers have examined the potential of using immobilised cells in fuel production. Microbial cells are used advantageously for industrial purposes, such as Escherichia coli for the continuous production of L-aspartic acid from ammonium fur-marate.5,6 Enzymes from microorganisms are classified as extracellular and intracellular. If whole microbial cells can be immobilised directly, procedures for extraction and purification can be omitted and the loss of intracellular enzyme activity can be kept to a minimum. Whole cells are used as a solid catalyst when they are immobilised onto a solid support. 

Carvalho, R. S. H., Tersariol, I. L. S., Nader, H., and Nakaie, C. R., First purification of heparan sulfate disaccharides with an amine resin used as solid support for peptide synthesis, Anal. Chim. Acta, 403, 205, 2000. 

Kaldor SW, Siegel MG, Dressman BA, Hahn PJ (1996) Use of solid supported nucleophiles and electrophiles for the purification of non-peptide small molecule libraries. Tetrahedron Lett 37 7193-7196... 

R. J. Booth, J. C. Hodges, Solid-Supported Reagent Strategies for Rapid Purification of Combinatorial Synthesis Products , Acc. Chem Res. 1999,32,18. 

S. W. Kaldor, M. G. Siegel, J. E. Fritz, B. A. Dressman, P. J. Hahn, Use of Solid Supported Nucleophiles and Electrophiles for the Purification of Non-Peptide Small Molecule Libraries , Tetrahedron Lett. 1996,37,7193-7196. 

Glycal assembly on a solid support eliminates the repetitive purifications usually associated with oligosaccharide synthesis. As a method, it has a certain generality as it does not require any specific enzymes or complex starting materials. Both natural and nonnatural sugars may be used in the constructions. 

The solid-phase synthesis of dendritic polyamides was explored by Frechet et al. [49]. Inspired by the technique used by Merrifield for peptide synthesis, the same strategy was used to build hyperbranched polyamides onto a polymeric support. The idea was to ensure the preservation of the focal point and to ease the purification between successive steps. The resulting polymers were cleaved from the solid support, allowing ordinary polymer characterization. The reaction was found to be extremely sluggish beyond the fourth generation. 

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