Pump handle motion

Ribs individual ribs have rotary elevating or depressing motions. The entire thorax, how ever, expands in the anteroposterior plane (pump handle motion) and in the frontal plane (bucket handle motion). 

The term pump handle motion is derived from the similarity between the rib motion and that of an old-fashioned water pump. One end is fixed, and the free end describes an arc. The costovertebral-costotransverse axis of the upper ribs lies close to the coronal plane. As the ribs move about this axis, they increase the anteroposterior diameter of that portion of the rib cage. 

FIG. 70-2 Pump handle motion testing of the upper ribs. 

If a group of ribs stops moving on one side before the other during exhalation, one or more ribs in that group have an exhalation restriction. The restriction may be of pump handle motion or bucket handle motion. 

FIG. 71-4 Musde energy technique for treatment of exhalation restriction of the second through fifth ribs (pump handle motion). 

Patient position same as for treating pump handle motion, except that the upper trunk is side-bent toward the affected rib as well as forward bent (Fig. 71-5). 

Technique same as for treating pump handle motion. 

FIG. 69-4 Rib motions (A) Bucket handle motion (B) Pump handle mot on. (C) Caliper motion. 

Palpation and visual observation are used during osteopathic examination. Knowledge of the structure and biomechanics of the area under evaluation is integral to this process. Somatic dysfunctions restrict motion of the thoracic cage and its components. The bucket handle and pump handle movements may be limited when examined at the greatest extent of inspiration and expiration. Asymmetric excursion and difficulty in movement imply restriction of the region examined. 

In a female patient, it may be preferable to evaluate pump handle and bucket handle motions individually by placing the fingers along the sternal border first and then along the ribs at the mid-axillary area. 

FIG. 71-3 Muscle energy technique for treatment of inhalation restriction of the second through tenth ribs (pump and bucket handle motions). 

The liquid fuel handling components of the fuel system include the fuel filler pipe, fuel tank, fuel pirmp, and the fuel supply and return lines. The fuel tank is a low pressure, low hydrocarbon emission vessel designed to contain both the liquid and vapor phases of the fuel. An electric pump located inside the fuel tank is used to transfer liquid fuel from the tank to the engine. The fuel in the tank is suctioned from a small reservoir in the tank which minimizes liquid level transients caused by vehicle motion. 

A sludge is to be clarified in a thickener that is 50 ft in diameter. The sludge contains 35% solids by volume (SG = 1.8) in water, with an average particle size of 25 pm. The sludge is pumped into the center of the tank, where the solids are allowed to settle and the clarified liquid overflows the top. Estimate the maximum flow rate of the sludge (in gpm) that this thickener can handle. Assume that the solids are uniformly distributed across the tank and that all particle motion is vertical. 

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