Pulmonary candidiasis

Franquet T, Muller NL, Lee KS, Oikonomou A, Flint JD (2005b) Pulmonary candidiasis after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation thin-section CT findings. Radiology 236 332-337... 

Unlabeled Uses Oral and vaginal candidiasis, onychomycosis, pulmonary aspergillosis... 

Clinical Use. Ketoconazole (Nizoral) is used to treat a variety of superficial and deep fungal infections.9,35,72 This drug can be administered orally to treat pulmonary and systemic infections in candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, and several other types of deep fungal infections. Oral administration is... 

Systemic infections cansed by fungi are cryptococcus meningitis or endocardites, pulmonary and cerebral aspergilloses, blastomycoses, histoplamosis, coccidiomycosis, and paracoccidiomycosis. Superficial infections are classified into dermatomycosis (infections of the skin, hair, and nails) and candidiasis (infections with yeast that affects mncons membranes of the mouth, vagina, or skin). 

Amphotericin B - Amphotericin B has been used intravenously for meningitis, pyelonephritis, and pulmonary infections caused by Cryptococcus neoformans, an encapsulated yeast. Successful therapy of pulmonary histoplasmosis required 30 mg/kg of amphotericin B while 20 patients with presumed Histoplasma chorioretinitis (eye infection) failed to respond. 5 86 other reports concern amphotericin B in the treatment of primary renal candidiasis, rhinocerebral phyco-mycosis, blastomycosis, chromoblastomycosis, geotrichosis, and disseminated infections caused by Torulopsis glabrata and Beauverla bassiana, a fungus normally pathogenic to in-sects. V-93 Topical application of amphotericin B was an qj. effective treatment of Candida granuloma and maduromycosis. ... 

In a retrospective study of rheumatoid arthrihs pahents treated with leflunomide risk factors of severe infections were identified. Among the 401 patients that started on leflxmomide therapy, 8.2% developed severe infections (pneumonia, oral candidiasis, pyelonephrihs, pulmonary tuberculosis, cellulitis, disseminated herpes zoster, tonsil-lihs and pulmonary cryptococcosis). Risk factors for severe infections were older age, presence of diabetes mellitus and (increasing) daily dosage of corticosteroids [Sl ]. 

Oral candidiasis is observed in 5-10% of cases treated with steroid aerosols (14, 87, 91, 142 ). However, clinical symptoms rarely result (142 ). The incidence of candidiasis in the larynx is lower than in the pharynx (91 "). There have been no reports of fungi infecting the lower respiratory tract during aerosol therapy. Pulmonary eosinophilia has been reported to develop following a switch from oral steroids to aerosol treatment (112 ). The long-term effect on the internal surface of the lungs has still to be determined. 

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