Published on 22 May

In the European Union for flavorings, the current Flavouring Directive 88/388/EC still applies. This is the Council Directive of June 22,1988, on the approximation of the laws of the MS relating to flavorings for use in foodstuffs and to source materials for their production, as published in the Official Journal on 15/07/88 (OJ L 184, p. 61). It has been amended once by the Commission Directive 91/71/EEC of 16/01/91 (OJ L 42, p. 25,15/02/91). As this is a Directive, it is up to the EU MS to take the necessary measures to ensure that flavorings may not be marketed or used if they do not comply with the rules laid down in this Directive, as stated in Art. 3 of this Directive. 

Extensive research results on AAR are reported by Okada et al. (1989) with several papers on test results the basic description of the phenomena and their effects may be found in Mindess et al. (2003). For further details on the aggregate properties the reader is also referred to handbooks for concrete technology, e.g. Popovics (1992) and to special recommendations on that subject published systematically by ACI 221.1R-98, ASTM C289-07 and ASTM Cl260-07. 

Manufacturers of pH meters may publish specifications such as those listed in Table 2.4. Some specifications may be misleading, because the conditions for which they are valid are not always obvious. For example, a relative accuracy specification of 0.07 pH may be more accurate than one stated as 0.03 pH within 2 pH units of standardization. In the first case, the manufacturer may include the entire meter scale linearity, while in the second case only a small portion of the scale is considered. A specification on a temperature compensating control is usually better between 10° and 60°C than it is outside this range since the extremes of this potentiometer are not as accurate. 

To balance the equation, the pressures exerted on infrastructure managers are such that there is a risk of the safety level becoming the adjustment variable. They may lead to certain common prejudices as safety is expensive, safety constraints are the arguments of protectionists the safety of computer systems is a matter for computer experts, etc., despite the fact that certain experiences invalidating this argument appear less and less marginal [EIS 07]. It seems that some operators of critical industrial systems, in view of past experience (published or not), have opted not to use computer systems for safety functions of the highest level. 

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