Psychosis informants

Green L Gossop M (1988). Effects of information on the opiate withdrawal syndrome. British Journal of Addiction, 83, 305-9 Green B, Young R Kavanagh D (2005). Cannabis use and misuse prevalence among people with psychosis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 187, 306-13... 

The exactly opposite effects of drugs and dreams on pupillary aperture and reflex excitability are important examples of informative differences between the two states. REM sleep is off-line—that is, the brain is dissociated from inputs and outputs—precisely because access of afferent stimuli to the CNS is blocked (e.g., pupillary myosis), as is access of internally generated motor commands to the peripheral muscles (e.g., inhibited deep tendon reflexes). Were this not the case, REM sleep would be waking (or a hybrid state even more like drug psychosis). And if the converse were... 

Korsakoff s psychosis An organic brain syndrome associated with prolonged, heavy ingestion of alcohol. It is characterized by amnesia for recent events and an inability to memorize new information. 

On September 12, 1989, Anello reported within the FDA on Triazolam and Temazepam—Comparison Reporting Rates. He found that adverse drug reactions were reported 11 times more frequently with triazolam than with temazepam. The relative reporting rate was 46 to 1 for amnesia, 9 to 1 for agitation, anxiety and nervousness, 16 to 1 for psychosis ( psychosis, hallucinations, paranoid reaction, and acute brain syndrome ), and 19 to 1 for hostility and intentional injury. Anello s (1989) analysis indicated that there were no convincing explanations for these differences other than actual drug effects, but he did not make a formal determination of causality. However, in a handwritten analysis attached to the document, obtained through the Freedom of Information Act, there is a summary titled Other Evidence in Favor of Effect of Triazolam, which I quote in full ... 

A potentially informative difference between ketamine-induced symptoms and those of schizophrenia is in the production of hallucinations. Thus, in established schizophrenia, auditory hallucinations consisting of voices of various types are common, whereas visual hallucinations are rare. In contrast, during ketamine-induced psychosis, visual perceptual distortions are common but organized auditory... 

Given its potential roles in cognition and psychosis, interest in the biology of dysbindin continues to increase. In the few years since its discovery, much has been learned about this novel protein. Yet there has been no comprehensive analytical review of dysbindin, which is a necessary aid in generating informed hypotheses about the functions of this novel protein and its potential contributions to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This chapter provides such a review based not only on published literature, but on relevant data available in bioinformatic databases. 

Information from double-blind studies of psychosis as an adverse event is relatively scarce. A double-blind, randomized, add-on, placebo-controlled trial with carbamazepine showed that there was no increase in chronic psychotic symptoms in patients with suspected temporal lobe seizures (48). 

Should certain antiepileptic drugs be contraindicated in patients with active psychosis Unfortunately there is not enough solid information to answer this question. Undoubtedly, anticonvulsants that are less likely to cause psychosis (lamotrigine, carbamazepine, oxcarbaze-pine, valproate) should be preferred (52,53). However, patients with psychoses have been successfully treated even with drugs that are believed to be associated with psychosis, such as vigabatrin. For example, in a prospective study in 10 patients with psychosis and epilepsy to whom vigabatrin was added, there was no aggravation of the psychiatric disorder (54). 

Should certain antiepileptic drugs be contraindicated in patients with active psychosis Unfortunately there is not enough solid information to answer this question. Undoubtedly, anticonvulsants that are less likely to... 

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