Psychiatric disorders brain syndromes

Finally, in diagnosing psychiatric disorders, systematic attempts should be made to verticalize psychopathological symptoms. It is a priori unlikely that all symptoms of a particular syndrome have equal diagnostic weight. It is much more plausible that some are primary, that is, the direct consequences of the brain dysfunctions underlying that syndrome. 

The co-3 fatty acids have numerous important functions, especially in the brain. Accordingly, a deficiency of DHA and EPA may cause dysfunction of the central nervous system and probably also the retina, thereby resulting in impaired vision. In addition, there is a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders that have been associated with decreased levels of especially DHA and AA, such as, for example, schizophrenia and depression [3], post-traumatic stress syndrome, autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Since no primary inherited defect of essential fatty acid interconversion has yet been described, no specific explanations for the essential fatty acid concentration changes are readily available. 

The 5-HT3 receptors are found in both the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system (CNS), where they mediate last synaptic transmission at synapses (3). In the CNS, they are located predominantly at intemeurones, where they modulate the release of a range of neurotransmitters (4-9). There is some evidence that 5-HT3 receptors play roles in brain reward mechanisms and in neurological phenomena such as anxiety, psychosis, nociception, and cognitive function (10,11), and in the first few years following the discovery of these receptors, there was also much interest in the therapeutic potential of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists for antipsychotic, antinociceptive, and other psychiatric disorders (12-15). This potential has not yet been realized, but there is still active research in this area (16), and their current major therapeutic target is against emesis in cancer chemotherapy and irritable bowel syndrome (17,18). 

The use of L-tryptophan as a therapeutic agent probably began in the 1970s and early 1980s when reports in the medical literature suggested that it might be useful for the treatment of depression.13 Since then, its efficacy for a variety of other conditions has been examined these include chronic pain, insomnia, premenstrual syndrome, schizophrenia, affective disorders, and behavioral disorders.4 16 The rationale for its therapeutic use in treatment of psychiatric and behavioral disorders came mainly from the observation that brain serotonin content could be altered by changes in plasma tryptophan levels.17... 

---