Psychedelics mescaline

The term psychedelic literally means mind manifesting and was applied to hallucinogens like LSD or mescaline to emphasize the intensification of awareness and sensory perception that is associated with these drugs. 

Stimulants amphetamines, cocaine, Ecstasy Psychedelics LSD, mescaline, magic mushrooms ... 

If a psychedelic is taken several days in succession, some degree of tolerance (failure to produce a trip) develops. If a different psychedelic is then taken and this also fails to produce a trip, the two compounds are said to produce cross tolerance, which strongly indicates that they act in the same way and create roughly the same kind of trip. LSD, mescaline, and psilocybin (and probably the... 

Perhaps the only reliable way to identify a psilocybin trip is by its short duration most trips are completely over in six hours or less. THC, DMT, glycolate esters and very likely muscimole probably do not produce cross tolerance with each other or with the LSD-mescaline-psilocybin group, as would be expected from the distinct kinds of trips produced by each of the former compounds. Other than the synthesis of new compounds, the most fertile source of new trips lies in the combination of varying amounts of known psychedelics. 

These amphetamine derivatives have the advantage that they are almost all more active than mescaline, STP being about 80X more active (i.e., requiring only about 5 mg as contrasted with about 400 mg for mescaline), and that they are often easier to synthesize. They do, however, seem to produce somewhat more of the effects of speed (e.g., anxiety, restlessness, sweating) than mescaline. The methyl-enedioxy compounds, on the other hand, produce some of the mildest trips of any psychedelic. 

LSD, mescaline and other psychedelic drugs cause psychosis, but their perceptual and cognitive changes do not resemble schizophrenia. 

Sasha had some peyote plants (the natural source of mescaline) growing in front of his house. The DEA had not asked him to remove them, which surprised me in view of Sasha s firm advocacy of the repeal of the prohibition of marijuana and psychedelic drugs - a view, incidentally, with which I fully sympathized. 

Phenethylamine is structurally related to a number of psychedelics, including mescaline. It also occurs in chocolate and is thought to be one of the substances responsible for the feel good effect of chocolate (other molecules contribute as well, including theobromine). Chocoholics will understand. 

These compounds are analogs of the trimethoxy type compounds. They produce a pleasant, euphoric trip, much like a cross between mescaline and crank. The starting material (benzene ring) makes considerable difference in the potency of the final product of this or any other amphetamine. Below is a list of benzenes and their potency in M.U. (mescaline units). Also, the modification to the ring can create, more or less, a psychedelic effect. 

According to Shulgin, his passion for the study of psychedelics emerged after the first time he took mescaline in 1960. He says that he saw the world in a new and dramatically different way that inspired in him a "burning desire" to understand more about the chemical nature of compounds that could produce such profound experiences. As a result of the mescaline experience, he told an interviewer from Playboy magazine in 2004, "I had found my learning path," the direction in which he wanted the rest of his career to go. 

Psychedelics (LSD) and other psy-chotomimetics such as mescaline and psilocybin can induce states of altered awareness, or induce hallucinations and anxiety, probably mediated by 5-HT2A receptors. Overactivity of these receptors may also play a role in the genesis of negative symptoms in schizophrenia (p. 238) and sleep disturbances. 

In the early 1950s, Osmond introduced British writer Aldous Huxley to mescaline, an experience Huxley described in his book The Doors of Perception. Osmond first used the word psychedelic in a letter to Huxley... 

The tryptamine experience sounds pretty heavy, and it is almost as if every negative LSD or mescaline property was exhumed and displayed, to justify tryptamine as being similar to this widely accepted psychedelic drug. 

We can now explain the counterintuitive notion that mescaline might suppress normal dreaming by recognizing that many of the chemical analogues of the modulators of waking perception suppress REM sleep, and with it nocturnal dreams. It is only as the effects of mescaline are declining and REM sleep is escaping from inhibition that psychedelic dreams, like this one reported by Kliiver, may occur ... 

In my case, none of these uninvited image people promised salvation. They didn t even reveal scientific secrets. But they did, by their presence, make one thing clear that sleep deprivation alone can open wide the Doors of Perception that Huxley celebrated. Had I prepared my mind for specific communications from the beyond, I have no doubt that my visionary visitors would have articulated whatever words I wanted to hear. The point is that you don t need a drug, you don t need a medium, and you certainly don t need a spirit world to have them. Those exotic ginger flowers and that tumultuous ski run spoke so clearly to the shade of Aldous Huxley You are wrong about dreams. They can be both pre-ternaturally colorful and ecstatically animated. Even without mescaline or LSD, and certainly without cocaine, a drug that will almost certainly counteract psychedelic dreaming. 

It is inevitable that this simple and most appealing precursor will be found to be present in the cactus, at some future time when we will have tools of sufficient sensitivity to detect it. And certainly, it would be reasonable to expect it to be an active psychedelic, and to be as interesting in man as its close cousin, mescaline. But, at the present time, LOPHOPHINE is not known to be present in the plant, and it is not known to be active in man. I am confident that both statuses will change in the future. 

The N-acetyl analogue has been found in the peyote plant, and it is also a major metabolite of mescaline in man. It is made by the gentle reaction of mescaline with acetic anhydride (a bit too much heat, and the product N-acetyl mescaline will cyclize to a dihydroisoquinoline, itself a fine white crystalline solid, mp 160-161 °C) and can be recrystallized from boiling toluene. A number of human trials with this amide at levels in the 300 to 750 milligrams range have shown it to be with very little activity. At the highest levels there have been suggestions of drowsiness. Certainly there were none of the classic mescaline psychedelic effects. 

If free base mescaline is brought into reaction with ethyl formate (to produce the amide, N-formylmescaline) and subsequently reduced (with lithium aluminum hydride) it is converted to the N-methyl homologue. This base has also bees, found as a trace component in the Peyote cactus. And the effects of N-methylation of other psychedelic drugs have been commented upon elsewhere in these recipes, all with consistently negative results (with the noteworthy exception of the conversion of MDA to MDMA). Here, too, there is no obvious activity in man, although the levels assayed were only up to 25 milligrams. 

Its intrinsic worth proved, however, to be its very limitation. It was quickly apparent that the principal value, to behavioral researchers, of the reports of new hallucinogenic drugs, was not in the nature of their action but in the amount of stuff needed to produce that action. This was an essential axis against which the animal pharmacologist could plot his findings. A number was wanted, and the mescaline unit was just that number. Sadly, the major question that is asked by most academic researchers in their evaluation of the psychedelic materials is, How much does it take, rather than What does it do. The marvelous nuances of action, the subtle variations of effect, are dismissed as being hopelessly subjective and thus without scientific worth. But they are, I believe, of great worth. That is exactly what this book is all about. 

This harangue is really a lengthy prelude to the story of putting an ethoxy group in place of a methoxy on the 2,5-dimethoxy skeleton of these psychedelic families. The making of IRIS was thefirst move in this direction, done back in 1976. One can have a pigeon hole that is named Ethoxy In Place of Methoxy and toss in there the names of perhaps twenty pairs of compounds, which differ from one another by just this feature. Yet when they are looked at from the potency point of view, there are some which show a decrease in potency (which is the case with IRIS and most of the Tweetios) and there are some which seem to maintain their potency (such as the TM A-2/MEM pair) and there are some where there is a distinct potency increase (the mescaline/escaline pair, for example). 

---