Pseudozyma

Characterization of Substrate-specificity for Cutinase Produced by Novel Pseudozyma aphidis Isolated from Pea Leaves in South Korea... 

Fig. 2. Initial maximum rate of (a) PNB and (b) PNP hydrolysis by extracellular culture broth of Pseudozyma aphidis that was cultivated in NBY ( ), NBYC (A), NBYP ( ), and NBYG ( ) m iium. (c) TOC concentrations measured in extracellular culture broth of Pseudozyma aphidis grown in NBY, NBYC, NBYP, and NBYG medium. (Initial TOC concentration of fresh medium=l. Black and white columns represent TOC concentrations in fresh medium and 12-day culture broth, respectively.)...

The isolated strain, BMEL-2, was classified and identified through 25S rDNA full sequencing at the Korea Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC) center in the Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB). As a result, BMEL-2 was identified as Pseudozyma aphidis as shown in Fig. 3. 

Levinson, W.E., Kurtzman, C.P. and Kuo, T.M. 2006. Production of Itaconic Acid by Pseudozyma Antarctica NRRL Y-7808 Under Nitrogen-Limited Growth Conditions. Enzyme Microb. Technol., 39, 824-827. 

Jeya M, Lee KM, Tiwari MK, Kim IS, Gunasekaran P, Kim SY, Kim IW, Lee JK (2009) Isolation of a novel high erythritol-producing Pseudozyma tsukubaensis and scale-up of erythritol fermentation to industrial level. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 83 225-231... 

Recently, the production of a biodegradable plastic-degrading enzyme from cheese whey by the phyllosphere yeast Pseudozyma antartica GB-4(1)W was studied [25]. It was reported that this yeast produces a cutinase-like enzyme, PaE, which has the ability to degrade biodegradable plastics. This enzyme was reported to have the ability to degrade several bioplastics such as PBS, polybutylene succinate-co-adipate, poly(e-caprolactone) and polylactic acid. Fed-batch cultivation of this yeast in xylose resulted in the production of PaE with high productivity. 

Avis, T.J., Belanger, R.R.(2001). Specificity and mode of action of the antifimgal fatty acid cis-9-heptadecenoic acid produced by Pseudozyma flocculosa. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 67, 956-960. 

Mannosylerythritol lipids are glycolipid biosurfactants produced mainly by Pseudozyma and some Ustilago species (Figure 14.5). 

Sajna et al. discussed the potential application of mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) as laundry additives. GlycoHpids produced by Pseudozyma sp.NII 08165 are majorly composed... 

Figure 14.6 Observation of blood stain removal after fabric wash. Clothes were washed with tap water, commercial detergent, Pseudozyma biosurfactants, detergent along with Pseudozyma biosurfactants. Addition of Pseudozyma biosurfactants along with commercial detergent efficiently removed the stain.

Sajna KV, Sukumaran RK, Jayamurthy H, Reddy KK, Kanjilal S, Prasad RBN, et al. Studies on biosurfactants from Pseudozyma sp. Nil 08165 and their potential application as laundry detergent additives. 

Kitamoto D, Ikegami T, Suzuki GT, Sasaki A.TakeyamaY, Idemato Y, et al. Microbial conversion of n-aUsanes into glycolipid biosurfactants, mannosylerythritol hpids, by Pseudozyma (Candida antarctica). 

Rau U, Nguyen LA, Roeper H, Koch H, Lang S. Downstream processing of mannosylerythritol lipids produced by Pseudozyma aphidis. Eurf Lipid Sci Technol 2005 107 373-80. 

Sajna KV, Sukumaran RK, Gottumukkala LD, Jayamurthy H, Dhar KS, Pandey A. Studies on structural and physical characteristics of a novel exopolysaccharide from Pseudozyma sp. Nil 08165. Int J... 

Chang MH, Kim HJ.Jahng KY, Hong SC.The isolation and characterization of Pseudozyma sp.JCC 207, a novel producer of squalene. AppI Microbiol Biotechnol 2008 78 963-72. 

Lonza, a fine chemical manufacturer, has developed a biotechnological route, starting with 3-cyanopyridine to nicotinamide (also known as niacin or vitamin B3) (see Fig. 9.11). Conversions are based on enzymatic hydrolysis with nitrile hydratase from Rhodo-coccus bacteria or by bioconversion with living bacterial cells. The reactions are very specific, and the yields are quantitative. Novo-zyme has introduced an extremely thermostable lipase from the yeast Candida (Pseudozyma) antarctica (Novozyme 435), which is extremely suitable for carrying out specific esterifications in organic solvents. 

Mannosylerythritol lipids (Fig. 7), but not in association with cellobiose lipids, are also known from Candida antarctica T-34 [52,53], recently retermed to Pseudozyma sp. For biosynthesis studies, inhibitors of p-oxidation were used to clarify the fatty acid metabolism of MEL [54]. 2-Bromooctanoic acid drastically inhibited the lipid synthesis under growing and resting cell conditions. Moreover, the degree of the inhibition increased along with increases in both the inhibitor concentration and the chain length of the fatty acid substrate used. These results clearly provide additional... 

FIG. 7 Mannosylerythritol lipids from Pseudozyma sp. Candida antarcticd). 

At CMCs of 2-5 X 10 M, the mannosylerythritol lipids reduced the surface tension of water and the interfadal tension between water and n-tetradecane to about 28 and 2 mN/m, respectively [60]. To examine the emulsifying activity (o/w emulsions, optical density measurements at 620 nm) of MEL-A and B produced from n-octadecane, various oils were used [55]. They showed much higher activity for soybean oil than did Tween 80 at 50 mg/L. With respect to -tetradecane, the activity of MEL-A was higher than that of Tween 80 whereas that of MEL-B was similar. MEL-SY16 from C. antarctica sp SY16 lowered the water surface tension to 29 mN/m at CMC of 1.5 X 10 M (10 mg/L) the minimum interfacial tension was 0.1 mN/m against kerosene [57]. Evaluating the properties of mannosylerythritol lipids from Pseudozyma Candida ATCC 20509, it was observed that the culture broth decreased the water surface tension to 35 mN/m [56]. 

---