Degradation Biodegradation

Keywords Bacterial degradation, Biodegradation, Immobilization, Unsulfonated dyes... 

Raybuck SA. 1993. Microbes and microbial enzymes for cyanide degradation. Biodegradation 3(1) 3-18. 

The migration of PAEs from the polymers leads emissions to the environment during their production, transport, storage, manufacture, use, and disposal [8, 15, 40, 69]. Once in the different environmental compartments phthalates are subject to photo degradation, biodegradation, aerobic and anaerobic degradation and, thus, generally do not persist in the outdoor environment [8, 70]. 

Lovley, D.R., Anaerobic benzene degradation, Biodegradation 11, 107—116, 2000 Snyder, R., Xenobiotic metabolism and the mechanism(s) of benzene toxicity. Drug Metab. Rev. 36, 531—547, 2004 Rana, S.V. and Verma, Y., Biochemical toxicity of benzene, J. Environ. Biol. 26,157—168, 2005 Lin, Y.S., McKelvey, W., Waidyanatha, S., and Rappaport, S.M., Variability of albumin adducts of 1,4-benzoquinone, a toxic metabolite of benzene, in human volunteers. Biomarkers 11,14-27, 2006 Baron, M. and Kowalewski, V.J., The liquid water-benzene system, J. Phys. Chem. A Mol. Spectrosc. Kinet. Environ. Gen. Theory 100, 7122-7129, 2006 Chambers, D.M., McElprang, D.O., Waterhouse, M.G., and Blount, B.C., An improved approach for accurate quantiation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, zylene, and styrene in blood, Anal. Chem. 78, 5375-5383, 2006. 

Figure 2. Degradation/Biodegradation of Addition and Condensation Polymers.

Lovley D. R. (2000a) Anaerobic benzene degradation. Biodegradation 11, 107-116. 

Beller H. R. (2000) Metabolic indicators for detecting in situ anaerobic alkylbenzene degradation. Biodegradation 11(2-3), 125-139. 

A close look at the phenomena related to the degradation of polymeric compounds is necessary to better understand the nuances between the different levels of degradation and the difference between degradation, biodegradation, bioresorpticm and bioassimilation. 

Recently, the production of a biodegradable plastic-degrading enzyme from cheese whey by the phyllosphere yeast Pseudozyma antartica GB-4(1)W was studied [25]. It was reported that this yeast produces a cutinase-like enzyme, PaE, which has the ability to degrade biodegradable plastics. This enzyme was reported to have the ability to degrade several bioplastics such as PBS, polybutylene succinate-co-adipate, poly(e-caprolactone) and polylactic acid. Fed-batch cultivation of this yeast in xylose resulted in the production of PaE with high productivity. 

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