Pseudozyma antarctica

Levinson, W.E., Kurtzman, C.P. and Kuo, T.M. 2006. Production of Itaconic Acid by Pseudozyma Antarctica NRRL Y-7808 Under Nitrogen-Limited Growth Conditions. Enzyme Microb. Technol., 39, 824-827. 

Lonza, a fine chemical manufacturer, has developed a biotechnological route, starting with 3-cyanopyridine to nicotinamide (also known as niacin or vitamin B3) (see Fig. 9.11). Conversions are based on enzymatic hydrolysis with nitrile hydratase from Rhodo-coccus bacteria or by bioconversion with living bacterial cells. The reactions are very specific, and the yields are quantitative. Novo-zyme has introduced an extremely thermostable lipase from the yeast Candida (Pseudozyma) antarctica (Novozyme 435), which is extremely suitable for carrying out specific esterifications in organic solvents. 

Fukuoka, T, Moiita, T, Konishi, H. Structural characterization and surface-active properties of a new glycohpid biosurfactant, mono-acylated mannosylerythritol Upid, produced from glucose by Pseudozyma antarctica. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2007, 76, 801-810. 

Lipase B from Candida antarctica (CAL-B) Sigma-Aldrich, Novozymes, other sources Recombinant, immobilized and thermostable Novozym 435 Synonyms Pseudozyma antarctica... 

Wild-type or engineered proteases and lipases were also foimd to catalyze aldol additions. First, examples were reported about the self-aldol addition of a,p-unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes (140) catalyzed by Pseudozyma antarctica lipase B (PalB) (formerly Candida antarctica CALB lipase) S105A and S105G variants (Scheme 10.34) [203,204]. The PalB S105A variant was also reported to catalyze aldol... 

Homo-aldol addition of a, 3-unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes (140) catalyzed by Pseudozyma antarctica lipase B (PalB) S105A variant. 

Kitamoto D, Ikegami T, Suzuki GT, Sasaki A.TakeyamaY, Idemato Y, et al. Microbial conversion of n-aUsanes into glycolipid biosurfactants, mannosylerythritol hpids, by Pseudozyma (Candida antarctica). 

Mannosylerythritol lipids (Fig. 7), but not in association with cellobiose lipids, are also known from Candida antarctica T-34 [52,53], recently retermed to Pseudozyma sp. For biosynthesis studies, inhibitors of p-oxidation were used to clarify the fatty acid metabolism of MEL [54]. 2-Bromooctanoic acid drastically inhibited the lipid synthesis under growing and resting cell conditions. Moreover, the degree of the inhibition increased along with increases in both the inhibitor concentration and the chain length of the fatty acid substrate used. These results clearly provide additional... 

At CMCs of 2-5 X 10 M, the mannosylerythritol lipids reduced the surface tension of water and the interfadal tension between water and n-tetradecane to about 28 and 2 mN/m, respectively [60]. To examine the emulsifying activity (o/w emulsions, optical density measurements at 620 nm) of MEL-A and B produced from n-octadecane, various oils were used [55]. They showed much higher activity for soybean oil than did Tween 80 at 50 mg/L. With respect to -tetradecane, the activity of MEL-A was higher than that of Tween 80 whereas that of MEL-B was similar. MEL-SY16 from C. antarctica sp SY16 lowered the water surface tension to 29 mN/m at CMC of 1.5 X 10 M (10 mg/L) the minimum interfacial tension was 0.1 mN/m against kerosene [57]. Evaluating the properties of mannosylerythritol lipids from Pseudozyma Candida ATCC 20509, it was observed that the culture broth decreased the water surface tension to 35 mN/m [56]. 

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