Pseudomonas strains

The 2-keto-3-deoxy-aldonic acid (phosphate) aldolases from Pseudomonas strains - 3-deoxy-2-keto-L-arabonate (F.C 4.1.2.18), 3-deoxy-2-keto-D-xylonate (EC 4.1.2.28), 3-deoxy-2-keto-6-phospho-D-gluconate (EC 4.1.2.14) and 3-deoxy-2-keto-6-phospho-D-galactonate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.21) - appear to be specific even for the acceptor components, but allow stereoselective syntheses of the respective natural substrates29. 

Phenazines — This large class of compounds includes more than 6,000 natural and synthetic representatives. Natural phenazines are secondary metabolites of certain soil and marine microorganisms. The main phenazine producers are Pseudomonas and Streptomyces species. Pseudomonas strains produce the most simple phenazines tubermycin B (phenazine-1-carboxylic acid), chlororaphine, pyocyanin, and iodinine. Pyocyanin is a blue pigment while chlororaphine is green both are produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. They can be seen in infected wounds of animal and human skins. Iodinine is a purple phenazine produced by Pseudomonas aureofaciens. 

Sander P, R-M Wittich, P Fortnagel, H Wilkes, W Francke (1991) Degradation of 1,2,4-trichloro- and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene by Pseudomonas strains. Appl Environ Microbiol 57 1430-1440. 

Wolterink AFWM, E Schiltz, P-L Hagedoorn, WR Hagen, SWM Kengen, AIM Stams (2003) Characterization of the chlorate reductase from Pseudomonas chloritidismutans. J Bacterial 185 3210-3213. Ziegler K, K Braun, A Bdckler, G Fuchs (1987) Studies on the anaerobic degradation of benzoic acid and 2-aminobenzoic acid by a denitrifying Pseudomonas strain. Arch Microbiol 149 62-69. 

Andreoni V, G Bestetti (1986) Comparative analysis of different Pseudomonas strains that degrade cinnamic acid. Appl Environ Microbiol 52 930-934. 

Bopp LH (1986) Degradation of highly chlorinated PCBs by Pseudomonas strain LB400. J Ind Microbiol 1 23-29. 

Deziel E, G Paquette, R Villemur, F Lepine, J-G Bisaillon (1996) Biosurfactant production by a soil Pseudomonas strain growing on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Appl Environ Microbiol 62 1908-1912. 

Mondello FJ (1989) Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of Pseudomonas strain LB400 genes encoding polychlorinated biphenyl degradation. J Bacteriol 171 1725-1732. 

Pettigrew CA, BE Haigler JC Spain (1991) Simultaneous biodegradation of chlorobenzene and toluene by a Pseudomonas strain. Appl Environ Microbiol 57 157-162. 

Reinecke W, DJ Jeenes, PA Williams, H-J Knackmuss (1982) TOL plasmid pWWO in constrncted halobenzoatedegrading Pseudomonas strains prevention of meta pathway. / SacterioZ 150 195-201. 

Saflic S, PM Fedorak, JT Andersson (1992) Diones, sulfoxides, and snlfones from the aerobic cometabolism of methylbenzothiophenes by Pseudomonas strain BTl. Environ Sci Technol 26 1759-1764. 

Whyte LG, L Bourbonniere, CW Greer (1997) Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by psychotrophic Pseudomonas strains possessing both alkane (alk) and naphthalene (nah) catabolic pathways. Appl Environ Microbiol 63 3719-3723. 

Van Ginkel CG, JB van Dijl, AGM Kroon (1992) Metabolism of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride in Pseudomonas strain Bl. Appl Environ Microbiol 58 3083-3087. 

Narbad A, MJ Hewlins, AG Callely (1989) C-NMR studies of acetate and methanol metabolism by methylo-trophic Pseudomonas strains. J Gen Microbiol 135 1469-1477. 

Shochat E, 1 Hermoni, Z Cohen, A Abeliovich, S Belkin (1993) Bromoalkane-degrading Pseudomonas strains. Appl Environ Microbiol 59 1403-1409. 

Erickson BD, FJ Mondello (1992) Nucleotide sequencing and transcriptional mapping of the genes encoding biphenyl dioxygenase, a multicomponent polychlorinated-biphenyl-degrading enzyme in Pseudomonas strain LB400. J Bacteriol 174 2903-2912. 

Kropp KG, S Saftic, IT Andersson, PM Fedorak (1997) Transformations of six isomers of dimethylbenzothio-phenes by three Pseudomonas strains. Biodegradation 7 203-221. 

J. S. Buyer and J. Leong, Iron transport mediated iintagonism between plant growth-promoting and plant-deleterious Pseudomonas strains. Journal Biological Chemistry 267 791 (1986). 

J. S. Buyer, M. G. Kratzke, L. J. Sikora, A method for detection of pseudobactin the siderophore produced by a plant-growth-promoting Pseudomonas strain in the barley rhizosphere. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59 611 (1993). 

By screening 53 Rhodococcus and Pseudomonas strains, an NHase-amidase biocatalyst system was identified for the production of the 2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid precursor of the dehydropeptidase inhibitor Cilastatin, which is used to prolong the antibacterial effect of Imipenem. A systematic study of the most selective of these strains, Rhodococcus erythropolis ATCC25 544, revealed that maximal product formation occurs at pH 8.0 but that ee decreased above pH 7.0. In addition, significant enantioselectivity decreases were observed above 20 °C. A survey of organic solvent effects identified methanol (10% v/v) as the... 

Many Pseudomonas strains accumulate MCL-PHAs from alkane, alkene, al-kanoate, alkenoate, or alkanol [5,6,14,96]. The composition of the PHAs formed by the pseudomonads of the rRNA homology group I is directly related to the structure of the carbon substrate used [6]. These results suggested that MCL-PHAs are synthesized from the intermediates of the fatty acid oxidation pathway. In almost all pseudomonads belonging to the rRNA homology group I except Pseudomonas oleovorans, MCL-PHA can also be synthesized from acetyl-CoA through de novo fatty acid synthetic pathway [97]. The -oxidation pathway and de novo fatty acid synthetic pathway function independently in PHA biosynthesis. 

Recombinant Pseudomonas strains harboring the nuclease gene from Staphylococcus aureus was developed to facilitate downstream processing [107]. 

Desulfurization of other diesel feedstocks from Total Raffinage was also reported by EBC. In these studies, different engineered biocatalysts were used. Two different middle distillate fractions, one containing 1850 ppm sulfur and other containing 650 ppm sulfur, were tested. R. erythropolis sp. RA-18 was used in one experiment and was reported to desulfurize the diesel from 1850 to < 1200ppm sulfur within 24 hours. On the other hand, it removed sulfur from a middle distillate with 650ppm sulfur to below 200 ppm sulfur [222], Various Pseudomonas strains were also tested in this study and reported to remove less amounts of sulfur. A favorable characteristic of the Pseudomonas strains is their inability to form stable emulsions, which can be useful trait for product recovery. 

Pseudomonas was also tested as a biocatalyst host in another study [224], In this biocatalyst, the plasmid carrying the dsz genes from R. erythropolis KA2-5-1 was cloned into Pseudomonas host resulting in a biocatalyst, Pseudomonas strain PAR41. This strain was able to remove about 17.5% sulfur from a LGO containing 360 mg/L sulfur. Most... 

Another Pseudomonas strain P. delafieldii R-8 was reported to remove 90.5% sulfur from highly desulfurized diesel oil [259], The biocatalyst achieved desulfurization via a pathway similar to the 4S pathway. The rate of desulfurization was reported to be 11.25 mmol sulfur/kg dcw/h, with the sulfur being reduced from 591 to 56 mg/L. This was achieved via two biocatalyst treatments lasting 20 hours each, although the biocatalyst was active only for first 6h in each treatment. Up to C4-DBTs were reported to be removed. Almost 100% of Q and C2 DBTs were removed and about 94% C3 DBTs and 97% C4 DBTs were removed. This strain of Pseudomonas thus appears to have a mechanism to uptake up to C4 DBTs through its cell membrane. 

The results obtained for carbazole degradation by Pseudomonas strain LD2 indicate that carbazole is oxidized initially by angular dioxygenation at position 2, 3 [317] to form 2,9-aminobiphenyl-2,3-diol (via an unstable intermediate), which is further degraded by meta-cleavage of the diol ring to form 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(29-aminophenyl)hexa-2,4-dienoic acid [316], The degradation steps are shown in Fig. 17. 

---