Pseudomonas alcaligenes

Gao X, CL Tan, CC Yeo, CL P (2005) Molecular and biochemical characterization of the x/ D-encoded 3-hydroxybenzoate 6 hydroxylase involved in the degradation of 2,5-xylenol via the gentisate pathway in Pseudomonas alcaligenes NCIMB 9S61. J Bacterial 187 7696-7702. 

Feng Y, HE Khoo, CL Poh (1999) Purification and characterization of gentisate 1,2-dioxygenases from Pseudomonas alcaligenes NCIB 9867 and Pseudomonas putida NCIB 9869. Appl Environ Microbiol 65 946-950. 

Microorganisms found in the microflora from holding tanks belong primarily to the genera Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, Enterobacter, and Achromobacter. However, Pseudomonas predominates, and isolates from bulk milk show much more lipolytic and proteolytic activity than other psychrotrophs isolated (Stewart et al. 1975). Bacterial exocellular lipases have an optimum pH of 8.75, a relative optimum temperature at 37°C, and an absolute optimum temperature at 50°C (Driessen and Stadhouders 1974B). Kishonti (1975) reported two optimum temperatures at 30° and 55°C, respectively. 

Tham, J.M.L. and C.L. Poh. 1993. Insertional mutagenesis, cloning and expession of gentisate pathway genes from Pseudomonas alcaligenes NGB 9867. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 75 159-163. 

Poh, C.L. and R.C. Bayly. 1980. Evidence for isofunctional enzymes used in meta-cresol and 2,4-xylenol degradation via the gentisate pathway in Pseudomonas alcaligenes. J. Bacteriol. 143 59-69. 

West, T.P., Pyrimidine base and ribonucleoside utilisation by the Pseudomonas alcaligenes group. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 59 (1991a) 263-268. 

On the first level, at Eh lower than 0.2-0.3 V (pe 4-5) nitrate nitrogen becomes most active acceptor of electrons (Table 2.35). With active participation of facultative anaerobic bacteria (genera Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes,... 

The characteristics of an extracellular mcl-PHA depolymerase purified from the marine isolate Pseudomonas luteola M13-4 have been reported by Rhee et al. (2006). This enzyme is similar to Pseudomonas alcaligenes LB 19 (Kim et al. 2002) but is different from poly(HB-co-HV) (PHBV) depolymerase of Xanthomonas sp JS02 (Kim et al. 2000a, b, c) the molecular mass is 28 kDa, the isoelectric point is 6.0 with a reactivity optimum at pH 10 and 40°C. Serine residues seem to play an important role in the hydrolysis reaction by analogy with P. alcaligenes LB 19. PHO has been totally degraded polyhydroxyhexanoate (PHH) and a copolymer of (PHB-co-60%HV) have been partially hydrolyzed. 

Kim DY, Nam JS, Rhee YH (2002) Characterization of an extracellular medium-chain-length poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) depolymerase from Pseudomonas alcaligenes LB 19. Biomacromolecules 3 291-296... 

In PHA modification, Mukai et reported that lipases originated from eukaryotes have broad specificities with the abilities to erode P(3HP), P(4HB), P(5HV) and P(6HH) films compared to prokaryote lipases, which could barely degrade all the polymers except P(3HP). This shows that lipases from prokaryotes have high substrate specificities for the hydrolysis of PHA. Jaeger et indicated that Pseudomonas alcaligenes. Pseudomonas fluor-... 

Effective PHA destructors include various bacteria from widespread soil and water genera Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, Comamonas, Streptomyces, Ilyobacter), as well as fimgi (Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Deuteromycetes, Mastigiomycetes, Myxomycetes) [49]. 

The secretion machinery of Pseudomonas alcaligenes, the producer of Lipomax , an alkaline lipase for detergent compositions. The XcpQ protein forms a multimeric ring in the outer membrane. The Xcp T, U, V, and W proteins are thought to be involved in the gating of the pore, and proteins P, X, Y, and Z form a connection between the outer membrane pore and the inner membrane. XcpA, S, and P play a role in the processing of other Xcp proteins. Sec is inner membrane translocase. Ch is the periplasmic chaperone... 

Cox M, Gerritse G, Dankmeyer L, Quax WJ (2001) Characterization of the promoter and upstream activating sequence from the Pseudomonas alcaligenes lipase gene. J Biotechnol 86 9-17 Crameri A, Dawes G, Rodriguez E Jr, Silver S, Stemmer WP (1997) Molecular evolution of an arsenate detoxification pathway by DNA shuflfling. Nat Biotechnol 15 436-438... 

Gerritse G, Ure R, Bizoullier F, Quax WJ (1998b) The phenotype enhancement method identifies the Xcp outer membrane secretion machinery from Pseudomonas alcaligenes as a bottleneck for lipase production. J Biotechnol... 

Gerritse G, Hommes RW, Quax WJ (1998) Development of a lipase fermentation process that uses a recombinant Pseudomonas alcaligenes strain. Appl Environ Microbiol 64(7) 2644—2651... 

Nakajima-Kambe, T., Nozue, T., Mukouyama, M. and Nakahara, T. (1997) Bioconversion of maleic acid to fumaric acid by Pseudomonas alcaligenes strain XD-1. J. Ferment. Bioengng, 84, 165-168. 

---