Protein tyrosine kinase receptors

Comparison of Signal-Transduction Pathways Downstream of a Protein Tyrosine Kinase Receptor in Species of Three Separate Phyla... 

MAPK kinase (MAPKK). MAPK kinase itself is activated by phosphorylation by still another protein kinase, termed MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK). MAPK kinase kinase is activated upon interaction with a member of the Ras superfamily of small G proteins, which are bound to the plasma membrane (see Ch. 19). The exact mechanism of activation remains unknown, but it is believed that Ras and related proteins, in the activated GTP-bound form, can bind MAPK kinase kinase and thereby draw the kinase to the plasmalemma, where it is activated by as yet unknown factors, perhaps even an additional kinase, MAPK kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKKK). The mechanism governing the activation of Ras and related proteins by extracellular signals is quite complex and involves numerous Tinker proteins, for example She, Grb and Sos, that couple Ras to a variety of plasmalemma-associated growth factor-protein tyrosine kinase receptors (see Chs 20,24 and 27). 

From the structural and in vitro biological data summarized in this review, we can conclude that MSP is a growth and motility factor that activates a typical cell membrane protein tyrosine kinase receptor. However, despite an... 

Merlio, J.-P., Ernfors, P., Kokaia, Z., Middlemas, D.S., Bengzon, J., Kokaia, M., Smith, M.-L., Siesjo, B.K., Hunter, T., Lindvall, O. and Persson, H. (1993) Increased production of the TrkB protein tyrosine kinase receptor after brain insults. Neuron 10 151-164. 

TRASTUZUMAB Trastuzumab (herceptin) targets the HER2/neu (ErbB-2) member of the EGE family of protein tyrosine kinase receptors. Activation of HER2/neu enhances metastatic potential and inhibits apoptosis. HER2/neu is overexpressed in up to 30% of breast cancers and is associated with clinical resistance to cytotoxic and hormone therapy. Trastuzumab can initiate Fcy-receptor-mediated ADCC and directly induce apoptosis. 

Fry, M.J. Panayotou, G. Booker, G.W. Waterfield, M.D. New insights into protein-tyrosine kinase receptor signaling complexes. Protein Sci., 2, 1785-1797 (1993)... 

Pasquale, E.B. A distinctive family of embryonic protein-tyrosine kinase receptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 87, 5812-5816 (1990)... 

Tyrosine kinase see Protein-tyrosine kinase. Receptor tyrosine kinase. 

Protein tyrosine kinase Receptor activator for nuclear factor kB Receptor activator for nuclear factor kB Ligand Relative risk... 

For proteins such as tyrosine-kinase receptors, dimerization (the association of two receptors to form a new species... 

Like all immunoreceptor family members, FceRI lacks intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. IgE and antigen-induced crosshnking of FceRI initiates a complex series of phosphate transfer events via the activation of non-receptor Src, Syk and Tec family protein tyrosine kinases (fig. 1). The Src family kinase Lyn, which associates with the FceRI p subunit in mast cells, transphosphorylates neighboring FceRI ITAMs after receptor aggregation [7, 26]. Once phosphorylated, the p chain ITAM binds to the SH2 domain of additional Lyn molecules, while the phosphorylated y chain ITAM recruits Syk to the receptor complex, where it is activated by both autophosphorylation and phosphorylation by Lyn [2, 7,15, 26]. 

Receptors that Associate with Protein Tyrosine Kinases.254... 

RECEPTORS CONTAINING PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASES 8.2.1 Cross-Linking of Receptors Causes Activation... 

---