Protein synthesis and regulation

Levothyroxine is indicated in the treatment of hypothyroidism (0.05 mg initially) of myxedema coma (0.4 mg IV initially) of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression in thyroid cancer of euthyroid and nodules goiter and of thyroid suppression therapy (2.6 mcg/kg/day for 7 to 10 days). Levothyroxine increases the metabolic rate of tissue. It affects protein and carbohydrate metabolism, promotes gluconeogenesis, increases the utilization and mobilization of glycogen stores, stimulates protein synthesis, and regulates cell growth and differentiation. The orally administered... 

Thyroid USP affects protein and carbohydrate metabolism, promotes gluconeogenesis, increases the utilization and mobilization of glycogen stores, stimulates protein synthesis, and regulates cell growth and differentiation. The major effect of thyroid is to increase the metabolic rate of tissue. 

Gonsiderable new material has been added on RNA synthesis, protein synthesis, gene regulation, and various aspects of molecular genetics. 

Both the overall rate of protein synthesis and the translation of certain specific mRNAs are controlled by agents such as hormones, growth factors, and other extracellular stimuli. As precursors for protein assembly, amino acids also regulate the translational machinery. Because protein synthesis consumes a high proportion of cellular metabolic energy, the energy status of the cell also modulates translation factors. 

Si, K., Giustetto, M., Etkin, A. et al. A neuronal isoform of CPEB regulates local protein synthesis and stabilizes synapse-specific long-term facilitation in aplysia. Cell 115 893-904, 2003. 

Potassium participates in carbohydrate utilization and protein synthesis and is critical in regulating nerve conduction and muscle contraction, particularly in the heart. 

XVII. CARNOSINE, REGULATION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, AND AGING... 

Stop protein translation sites. Furthermore, protein synthesis and stability may also be regulated by constantly changing cellular processes and extracellular signals such as heat shock proteins, growth factors, and toxins. The end result of these processes could lead to changes in protein localization and interactions, generation of protein fragments, and alteration in protein function and turnover rates. 

The DAG produced by the hydrolysis of PIP2 by PLC remains in the plasma membrane where it activates a family of membrane-associated protein kinases collectively termed protein kinase C (PKC). Activated PKC produces a variety of cellular responses, including the regulation of protein synthesis and key metabolic pathways. 

---