Protein oxidation regulation

In earlier studies the in vitro transition metal-catalyzed oxidation of proteins and the interaction of proteins with free radicals have been studied. In 1983, Levine [1] showed that the oxidative inactivation of enzymes and the oxidative modification of proteins resulted in the formation of protein carbonyl derivatives. These derivatives easily react with dinitrophenyl-hydrazine (DNPH) to form protein hydrazones, which were used for the detection of protein carbonyl content. Using this method and spin-trapping with PBN, it has been demonstrated [2,3] that protein oxidation and inactivation of glutamine synthetase (a key enzyme in the regulation of amino acid metabolism and the brain L-glutamate and y-aminobutyric acid levels) were sharply enhanced during ischemia- and reperfusion-induced injury in gerbil brain. 

Gopalakrishna, R., Chen, Z.H. Gundimeda, U. (1994) Tobacco smoke tumor promoters, catechol and hydroquinone, induce oxidative regulation of protein kinase C and influence invasion and metastasis of lung carcinoma cells. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 12233-12237... 

Oxidative Regulation of Proteinase Activities—Protein Inhibitors Balance. 213... 

Inflammation is evidenced by increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-l, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNFa), and C-reactive protein (CRP). The search for the link between these molecular events recorded in the inflammatory process and the derangement of redox equilibria along with the consequence on nitric oxide regulation is the aim of this chapter. 

Several human genetic diseases are associated with defective ABC proteins. X-llnked adrenoleukodys-trophy (ALD), for Instance, is characterized by a defective ABC transport protein (ABCDl) that is localized to peroxisomal membranes. This protein normally regulates Import of very long chain fatty acids into peroxisomes, where they undergo oxidation in its absence these fatty acids accumulate in the cytosol and cause cellular damage. Tanglers disease is marked by a deficiency of the plasma-membrane ABC protein (ABCAl) that transports phospholipids and possibly cholesterol (Chapter 18). 

Hopkins, T.A. Dyck, J.R.B. Lopaschuk, G.D. AMP-activated protein kinase regulation of fatty acid oxidation in the ischaemic heart. Biochem. Soc. Trans., 31, 207-212 (2003)... 

The thyroid gland synthesizes and releases T3 (3, 3 -triiodothyronine) and (thyroxine) which regulate protein synthesis, regulate membrane-bound enzymes and stimulate mitochondrial oxidation. T3 and also regulate fetal and infant brain development and childhood growth. T3 is more potent than T. ... 

---