Protein metabolic aspects

Sreedevi, P., B. Sivaramakrishna, A. Suresh, and K. Radhakrishnaiah. 1992a. Effect of nickel on some aspects of protein metabolism in the gill and kidney of the freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio L. Environ. Pollut. 77 59-63. 

Protein Metabolism Fat Metabolism Steroid Metabolism Clinical Aspects Side Effects Other Aspects... 

Proteins are informational macromolecules, the ultimate heirs of the genetic information encoded in the sequence of nucleotide bases within the chromosomes. Each protein is composed of one or more polypeptide chains, and each peptide chain is a linear polymer of amino acids. The order of the amino acids commonly found in the polypeptide chain is determined by the order of nucleotides in the corresponding messenger RNA template. In this chapter we examine four aspects of protein metabolism (fig. 29.1) (1) The process whereby amino acids are ordered and polymerized into polypeptide chains (2) posttranslational alterations in polypeptides, which occur after they are assembled on the ribosome (3) the targeting process whereby proteins move from their site of synthesis to their sites of function and (4) the proteolytic reactions that result in the return of proteins to their starting material, amino acids. 

Nutritional and Metabolic Aspects of Protein Modification During Food Processing... 

NUTRITIONAL ASPECTS OF AMINO ACID AND PROTEIN METABOLISM... 

Figure 1.9. Model used to study dyruimic aspects of whole body nitrogen-protein metabolism 1420J. I, S and C are the dietary intake, protein synthesis and catabolism respectively Et, Eu and Ex are total, urinary urea and non-urea nitrogen excreted, respectively. All values are expressed as mgN Kg day ...

But one special aspect of the events in the developing embryo, apart from reserve synthesis, which will be considered concerns nucleic acid and protein metabolism. We will devote some attention to the synthesis of mRNA species which may remain untranslated in the embryo but which are conserved in the mature, dry seed perhaps to be used in germination and growth. In short, we will consider the possibility that these messages are laid down to prepare the embryo for subsequent germination. 

Lobley, G.E., 2007. Protein-energy interaction horizontal aspects. In Ortigues-Marty I. (ed.), Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, the Netherlands, EAAP publication N° 124 445-461. 

Nearly all biological processes involve the specialized functions of one or more protein molecules. Proteins function to produce other proteins, control all aspects of cellular metabolism, regulate the movement of various molecular and ionic species across membranes, convert and store cellular energy, and carry out many other activities. Essentially all of the information required to initiate, conduct, and regulate each of these functions must be contained in... 

Phosphorylation is the reversible process of introducing a phosphate group onto a protein. Phosphorylation occurs on the hydroxyamino acids serine and threonine or on tyrosine residues targeted by Ser/Thr kinases and tyrosine kinases respectively. Dephosphorylation is catalyzed by phosphatases. Phosphorylation is a key mechanism for rapid posttranslational modulation of protein function. It is widely exploited in cellular processes to control various aspects of cell signaling, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell survival, cell metabolism, cell motility, and gene transcription. 

Figure 49-10. Simplified scheme of the causation of malignant hyperthermia (MIM 145600). At least 17 different point mutations have been detected in the RYRl gene, some of which are associated with central core disease (MIM 117000). It is estimated that at least 50% of families with members who have malignant hyperthermia are linked to the RYRl gene. Some individuals with mutations in the gene encoding DHPR have also been detected it is possible that mutations in other genes for proteins involved in certain aspects of muscle metabolism will also be found.

The Ca ATPase, the Ca release channel, and calse-questrin are proteins involved in various aspects of Ca metabolism in muscle. 

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