Protection negative return

Drainage (electric drainage) (a) flow of positive current through the soil or the electrolyte solution from the cathodically protected structure to the groundbed of the impressed current system, or (b) protection of an immersed structure from electrochemical corrosion by making an electrical connection between the structure and the negative return circuit (rail, feeder, busbar) of a d.c. electric traction system. 

In a deflationary environment a conventional bond performs very well, while an inflation-linked bond gives negative returns. Some of inflation-linked bonds include deflation protection.In practice, in the event of deflation, the bondholder will receive at maturity the par value although the redemption value is less than 100. Therefore, the bondholder will obtain at least the par value. Note that the deflation floor applies to the redemption value only leaving coupon payments exposed to the deflation risk. 

Then stray current enters the pipeline and the pipe/soil potential becomes more negative. The recording in Fig. 15-8b shows the behavior with a direct stray current drainage to the rails. With > 0, a current flows off the pipeline via the stray current return conductor back to the rails so that there is no anodic polarization of the pipeline. With Uf g < 0, a current flows over the connection in the pipeline and anodically polarizes it. Direct stray current drainage is therefore not possible in this case. Figure 15-8c shows the result of a rectified stray current drainage to the rails. Now the pipeline is always cathodically polarized. Cathodic protection is, however, also not fully attained. 

With forced stray current drainage, the current is returned from the pipeline to the rails by means of a grid-fed rectifier. The transformer-rectifier is connected into the stray current return conductor, the negative pole is connected with the installation to be protected and the positive pole is connected to the rails or the negative side of the bus bar in the transformer substation. 

Electric Drainage means of electric protection of an underground system against the corrosive action of stray currents arising from a d.c. electric traction system employing one or more connections (drainage bonds) made between the system to be protected and the return circuit of the traction system (rail, return current feeder, negative busbar of the sub-stations). 

A positive return of revenue only occurs after the drug has been approved by regulatory authorities for marketing. The overall profitabihty of a drug is the difference between the positive returns and the negative expenses within the patent period of 20 years. After that period, if the patent is not extended, there is no further protection on the intellectual rights for the drug. 

Catastrophic Protection Act (1987-1988) - had significant, often negative, effects on share returns (market value). 

The electrons pumped into the corrodible metal have come, in the above method, from the dissolution of a scarificial auxiliary metal. Instead, they can come from an external current source (i.e., an electrical power supply). The electrical circuit, however, has to be completed, and toward this end, an auxiliary inert electrode can be immersed in the corrosive electrolyte to provide a return path for the electron current (Fig. 12.38). The external source can then be adjusted so that the potential difference between the corrodible metal and its environment becomes negative with respect to its equilibrium potential. Under these circumstances, the whole of the metal to be protected against corrosion will function as an electron source for the electronation reaction, and the second electrode will serve as an electron sink for some deelectronation reaction (Hoar). 

All project personnel returning to the United States will, before departure, submit to the Detachment Orderly Room, all developed negatives and prints which have been taken since leaving the United States. No exposed but undeveloped rolls of film may be taken or returned to the United States. Adherence to this rule will, in addition to protecting project security, enable the individual to avoid difficulties with Customs Officials in Honolulu. 

Textile processing houses discharge a lot of contaminated hot waste water and emit smoke, which are sources of water and air pollution. There is an inter-relationship of energy recovery and environmental protection. Increased temperature have negative effect on the organisms living in water and destroy the ecological system. The waste water and exhaust gas can be used to heat up clean, cold water and this can be returned to the production process. 

Retraction systems automatically withdraw the furnace camera several feet back from the firebox if the systems sense loss of either water, air coolant, or high lens tube temperature. This gives the lens additional protection from the heated air that would blow against the lens if fans stopped and negative pressure changed to positive pressure. The retraction system is often air-operated, using an air-reserve tank as a purely pneumatic system component. This makes it totally independent of electricity. On loss of air pressure, water coolant, or high lens tube temperature, a solenoid valve opens and activates a rodless cylinder to withdraw the lens from harms way. The system will not return the camera to its inserted position until the problem is corrected. 

Treasury inflation-protected securities (TIPs) are one of the most innovative financial products to appear in recent years. They pay a real coupon, plus the return on the Consumer Price Index (CPI). Thus, they automatically protect investors 100% against rising inflation, a property no other security possesses. Further, in a rising inflation environment, returns on TIPs are negatively correlated with those of bonds and other assets whose prices tend to decline when inflation rises. 

An example would be that a protection buyer holding a fixed-rate risky bond and wishes to hedge the credit risk of this position via a credit default swap. However, by means of an asset swap the protection seller (e.g., a bank) will agree to pay the protection buyer LIBOR +/-spread in return for the cash flows of the risky bond. In this way the protection buyer (investor) may be able to explicitly finance the credit default swap premium from the asset swap spread income if there is a negative basis between them. If the asset swap was terminated, it is common for the buyer of the asset swap package to take the unwind cost of the interest rate swap. 

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