Prospecting capabilities

Communications. The advent of the laser improved prospects for optical communications enormously. The coherence of the laser meant that techniques developed in the radio portion of the electromagnetic spectmm could be extended to the optical portion of the spectmm. Because lasers operate at frequencies near 10 Hz, they offer a potentially wide bandwidth, equal to about 10 television channels of width (ca 10 Hz). It has not proved possible to take advantage of this full bandwidth because devices such as modulators capable of operating at 10 Hz are not available. 

TOV is considered only to select the MCOV and the rated voltage, V, of the surge arrester. This is a reference parameter to define the operating characteristics of an arrester. It plays no part in deciding the protective level of the arrester, which is solely dependent on the transient conditions of the system, as discussed later. V, is used to make the right choice of an arrester and its energy absorption capability to ensure that it does not fail under the system s prospective traiisieut conditions. 

Accounting for reflections, the total time must be considered as 2 X 1400 or 2800 /ts. Accordingly, 2800, us is specified by lEC 60099-4 for the testing of the arrester under the worst conditions. The arrester must also have the capability to successfully discharge the prospective surge under such conditions. 

NRA is an effective technique for measuring depth profiles of light elements in solids. Its sensitivity and isotope-selective character make it ideal for isotopic tracer experiments. NRA is also capable of profiling hydrogen, which can be characterized by only a few other analytical techniques. Future prospects include further application of the technique in a wider range of fields, three-dimensional mapping with microbeams, and development of an easily accessible and comprehensive compilation of reaction cross sections. 

The second factor listed above that affects the growth of plastics, namely improved capability, is self-explanatory, but the third, the decrease in relative costs for plastics, requires some explanation, particularly as this may have relevance to future prospects. 

Vet prospective bidders carefully prior to invitations to bid to ensure as much as possible that they are capable of carrying out the work. 

E.P. Medyantseva, E.V. Khaldeeva, and G.K. Budnikov, Immunosensors in biology and medicine analytical capabilities, problems, and prospects. J. Anal. Chem. 56, 886-900 (2001). 

To summarize the state of technology for the chemist wishing to practice laser chemistry the laser devices exist with the capability one would like, but they are expensive. We may expect that cheaper pulsed laser systems based upon excimer, Nd YAG, N2, alexandrite, etc. may be in the offing in the near future. This has already begun to happen with a new generation of N2 pumped dye lasers from two manufacturers. No such prospects presently exist for c.w. lasers in the visible and ultraviolet, but one may hope that the ion laser will be radically improved or supplanted soon. For chemical applications which can use infrared excitation, satisfactory devices presently exist and the price is right. 

Current Capabilities and Future Prospects of Real-Time, In-... 

A miniaturized MB spectrometer MIMOS II was developed for the robotic exploration of Mars, where it provided fundamental information about mineralogical composition and alteration processes, helped to classify rocks and soils, aided geologic mapping, was instrumental in assessing habitability of past and present environments, and identified potential construction resources for future human explorers. The applicability of the instrument as a process monitor for oxygen production and prospecting tool for lunar ISRU has been demonstrated. The characterization of air pollution sources and the study of mixed-valence materials as a function of depth in soil are examples of terrestrial in situ applications. MIMOS lla with additional XRF capability will open up new applications. 

It is an exciting prospect that catalysts of this nature may lead to artificial enzymes capable of processing natural and unnatural polyisoprenoids to generate various useful terpenes. 

If the ultimate worth of antibody catalysts is to be more than academic, then the key must be found in their programmability. Here, the capabilities of abzymes such as their promotion of disfavoured processes and selectivity for substrates and transformations for which there are no known enzymes may offer prospects more significant than the further chasing after enzyme performance. 

The only treatments that are likely to be viable commercially are aqueous delivery systems. Of the systems described in this chapter, furfurylation is the most advanced commercially and appears to show great promise. There has also been the recent introduction of the DMDHEU-based modified wood Belmadur on the market by BASF. At the present time, no other systems appear to offer any immediate prospects for commercial exploitation. The use of silicone treatments has apparently received little attention, which is very surprising due to the ready commercial availability of these systems for masonry treatment. Whether this apparent lack of activity is due to an oversight, represents a lack of real potential or perhaps is due to commercial sensitivity will become clearer in the future. However, silicone treatments are confined to the wood surface only and are not capable of penetrating the cell wall, and would therefore provide little improvement in dimensional stability. Similarly, no significant improvement in biological durability would be expected, since the relatively thin envelope of the treatment would be breached easily. However, the use of silicones in combination with other treatments that may be teachable in service (e.g. borates) would be an area well worth exploring. 

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