Physical properties propylene oxide

Table 2. Propylene Oxide Physical Property Data as a Function of Temperature ...

Propylene oxide is a colorless, low hoiling (34.2°C) liquid. Table 1 lists general physical properties Table 2 provides equations for temperature variation on some thermodynamic functions. Vapor—liquid equilibrium data for binary mixtures of propylene oxide and other chemicals of commercial importance ate available. References for binary mixtures include 1,2-propanediol (14), water (7,8,15), 1,2-dichloropropane [78-87-5] (16), 2-propanol [67-63-0] (17), 2-methyl-2-pentene [625-27-4] (18), methyl formate [107-31-3] (19), acetaldehyde [75-07-0] (17), methanol [67-56-1] (20), ptopanal [123-38-6] (16), 1-phenylethanol [60-12-8] (21), and / /f-butanol [75-65-0] (22,23). 

Table 1. Physical Property Data for Propylene Oxide...

Propylene oxide is similar in its structure to ethylene oxide, but due to the presence of an additional methyl group, it has different physical and chemical properties. It is a liquid that boils at 33.9°C, and it is only slightly soluble in water. (Ethylene oxide, a gas, is very soluble in water). 

Hydronium ion, 14 23 Hydroperoxidates, 18 411 Hydroperoxide process, for propylene oxide manufacture, 20 798, 801-806 Hydroperoxides, 14 281, 290-291 18 427-436 alkylation of, 18 445 a-oxygen-substituted, 18 448-460 chemical properties of, 18 430 433 decomposition of, 14 279 18 431-432 liquid-phase epoxidation with, 10 656 physical properties of, 18 427-430 preparation by autoxidation, 18 434 synthesis of, 18 433-435 Hydrophile-lipophile balance system,... 

Polypropylene ether) polyol is the single most important product from propylene oxide and enjoys a predominant position in polyurethane applications. The ether linkages are very abundant in these polyols and they contribute to the physical and chemical properties in many applications such as surfactant action and hydrogen-bond formation. 

The hydroxyl content of the lignin was incrementally eliminated by acetylation and ethylation according to previously described procedures (11). In addition, modification with propylene oxide was also used to alter the original lignin structure (12). Table I presents a summary of the hydroxy content, and pertinent physical properties, of the derivatized lignins. 

Property data from the literature (1-55,96,11,119,124,125,139,165,168,235-249) are given in Table 11-1. The critical constants were selected from the DIPPR project (5) except for butylene oxide (31). For ethylene and propylene oxides, the values are experimental For the other compounds, the values are estimates. Additional property data sudr as acentric factor, enthalpy of formation, lower explosion limit in air and solubility in water are also available. The DIPPR (Design Institute for Physical Property Research) project (5) and recent data compilations by Yaws and co-workers (44-55) were consulted extensively in preparing the tabulation. 

Several companies have published descriptive bulletins for the safe handling of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and butylene oxide. Typical glassware and technical reviews are given in [5,6]. Some physical properties of ethylene and propylene oxides are given in Table I. 

TABLE I Physical Properties of Ethylene and Propylene Oxides... 

J. -A. Han and J. N. BeMiller, Influence of reaction conditions on MS values and physical properties of waxy maize starch derivatized by reaction with propylene oxide, Carbohydr. Polym., 64 (2006) 158—162. 

MAN Mansur, C, Spinelli, L., Gonzalez, G., and Lucas, E.F., Evaluation of the physical-chemical properties of poly(ethylene oxide)-Z>-poly(propylene oxide) by different characterization techniques, A/acra/wo/. Symp., 258, 5, 2007. 

In addition to changing the chain composition and length, the physical properties can be varied by blending up to approximately 10% of a long-chain triol (such as a triol adduct of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with glycerol) into the basic resin system formulation. This produces branching in the... 

The most important compounds are polyetherols, polyesterols, and graft polyols (Figure 1). Polyetherols are the most common polyols and most commercial products are made chiefly from ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Polyesterols are widely used in elastomeric polyurethanes. Typical compounds are aliphatic polyesters, such as poly(ethyl-ene adipate), made so that there are only hydroxyl end groups, with no residual acid groups. Graft polyols (also called polymer polyols) consist of a matrix of a conventional polyol, which also contains rubbery (such as styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer) particles chemically bound to polyol molecules. These grafted particles reinforce the final polyurethane, giving improved physical properties. 

---