Particles grafted

Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Copolymers. This basic three-monomer system can be tailored to yield resins with a variety of properties. Acrylonitrile contributes heat resistance, high strength, and chemical resistance. Butadiene contributes impact strength, toughness, and retention of low-temperature properties. Styrene contributes gloss, processibility, and rigidity. ABS polymers are composed of discrete polybutadiene particles grafted with the styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer these are dispersed in the continuous matrix of the copolymer. 

From its architecture, ASA is closely related to ABS however, instead of polybutadiene rubber particles grafted with poly(styrene-acrylonitrile) (PSAN), poly(alkyl acrylate)-based graft rubber particles are used as the impact modifier (Figure 16.1). 

Poly(butyl acrylate) rubber particles grafted with SAN... 

Steric stabilization is another well-established method of stabilizing colloidal suspensions of submicron to micron size [23]. The particles are coated with a layer of adsorbed or grafted polymer chains that provides a steric repulsion of entropie origin and helps disperse the particles by counterbalancing van der Waals attraction (Fig. la). The polymeric nature of the adsorbed or grafted layer softens the interparticle interactions and makes the particles intrinsically deformable. Many polymer chain/particle combinations have been synthesized and studied, and are described in the literature. Several popular colloidal systems consist of silica particles covered with various polymers such as polydimethylsiloxane [24], stearyl alcohol [25], alkyl chains [26], and polyethylene oxide [27]. Polymethylmethacrylate and polystyrene particles grafted with polymer chains have also been used extensively. For a review on the impressive literature on the subject we refer the interested reader to Vlassopoulos and Fytas [2]. 

SERS is used to study monolayers of materials adsorbed on metal substrates. Although the substrates are often used as electrodes, a wide variety of substrate formats have been found to exhibit SERS electrochemically modified electrodes [64], colloids, island films, particles grafted on silanized glasses [65-67], and more... 

In commercial blends, the morphology is normally stabilized by the addition of a compatibil-izer or by inducing its formation during reactive processing. Particles grafted to the matrix are less... 

In fact, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation showed that the size of the dispersed phases increases with increasing filler content in the nanocomposites (Fig. 1.3). It should be noted here that the dispersed phases in the nanocomposites illustrated in Fig. 1.3(b)-(e) are clearly smaller than the untreated Si02 (Fig. 1.3(a)), but they are still much larger than the size of the primary nano-Si02 particles (7mn). Therefore these dispersed phases are actually microcomposite agglomerates consisting of primary particles, grafting polymer, homopolymer, and a certain amount of matrix. 

Because the solubility of vinyl acetate in water is quite significant, a large number of oligoradicals are formed during the nucleation stage, which subsequently micellise and aggregate to create polymer particles. Grafting reactions by chain transfer (357) in vinyl... 

Yang, J., Sang, Y, Chen, R, Fei, Z., and Zhong, M. 2012. Synthesis of silica particles grafted with poly(ionic liquid) and their nucleation effect on microcellular foaming of polystyrene using supercritical carbon dioxide. J of Supercritical Fluids 62 197-203. 

When styrene is copolymerized with rubber to impact polymers (HIPS and ABS), rubber particles are imbedded into a polystyrene matrix. These soft rubber particles grafted onto a rigid polystyrene body are not compact... 

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