Property valuation

Loan to value ratio- The ratio of the loan amount to the property valuation and expressed as a percentage. E.g. if a borrower is seeking a loan of 200,000 on a property worth 400,000 it has a 50% loan to value rate. If the loan were 300,000, the LTV would be 75%. The higher the loan to value, the greater the lender s perceived risk. Loans above normal lending LTV ratios may require additional security. 

Smith, G., Parr, R.L., 2005. Intellectual Property Valuation, Exploitation, and Infringement Damages, third ed. John Wiley Sons, Inc., New York. 

Technology of Energetic Materials Manufacturing and Processing, Valuation of Product Properties... 

Property loss figures are quoted for the year in which they were incurred. The numbers in Figure 8 are not scaled to represent constant dollar valuation of loss. 

Valuation of Iron Ores.—The value of the ore depends npon two conditions —first, the quantity of iron it oontains, and, second, the amount of impurities Or matrix. The character and properties of the impurities, and the extent to which they will interfere with the quality of the iron when manufactured, must also be considered. To ascertain these points, the ore must be subjected to testing or assaying. There-are two methods of assaying, termed respectively the wot and dry. 

Property taxes vary widely from one locality to another, but the average annual amount of these charges is 1 to 4 percent of the assessed valuation. Taxes of this type are referred to as direct since they must be paid directly by the particular concern and cannot be passed on as such to the consumer. 

Here, we introduce plasma spraying as a forming process with the required capabilities. As first TE material to be bulk solidified by plasma spraying, we have chosen iron disilicide (FeSi2) [2]. Due to its well known properties, the processing of FeSi2 allows a valuation of... 

Properties, plants, and equipment Accumulated depreciation, depletion, and amortization Valuation of accounts and reserves Short-term borrowing... 

In Other Value Added (Table 4.4b) is property-type income, which is a composite of several factors, including proprietor s income, rental income of persons, corporate profits, inventory valuation adjustment, net interest, business transfer payments, surplus of government enterprises less subsidies, and capital consumption allowances (depreciation, depletion, and amortization). As expected, property-type income is highest for sector 7 IB, real estate. The depreciation part of property-type income accounts for the high values of some of the CPI sectors (e.g., 27 and 29). The depletion part of property-type income accounts for the moderately high values of sector 8, crude petroleum and natural gas. 

The valuation criterion asserts that the property in Prop. 3 implies conversely that / is proper. We will not use this for a proof, cf. EGA, Ch. II. 

In this proposition, we have used only the property that ox is a principal valuation ring, if has codimension 1. Conversely, if codimx(5) > 2, then X is non-singular at such points x, hence normal at such x, hence a, is a principal valuation ring. Let s give this property a name ... 

D. Let / X — Y be a morphism. Assume Y is irreducible and reduced with generic point y. Let T be a quasi-coherent -module flat over oy. Then for all x G X, Tx is a torsion-free y-module. If X is noetherian and T is a coherent ox-module, this means that all associated points of T lie over y. Conversely, this property implies that T is flat over oy if all stalks oy Y are valuation rings (e.g., Y a non-singular curve, or Spec (Z)). 

Furthermore, water quality constitutes a particularly complicated set of characteristics, only a subset of which are addressed by the proposed Resource Management Plan water hardness and taste, for example, would remain the same in practice, although expected improvements in such aesthetic properties may have been included in individuals valuation functions. 

Equity- The "valuation" that you own in your home, i.e. the property value less the mortgage loan outstanding. 

Valuation- An inspection carried out for the benefit of the mortgage lender to ascertain if a property is a good security for a loan. 

Valuation fee- Th fee paid by the prospective borrower for the lender s inspection of the property. Normally paid upon loan application. 

A key element of the description of a stochastic process is a specification of the level of informatimi oti the behaviour of prices that is available to an observer at each point in time. As with the martingale property, a calculation of the expected future values of a price process requires information on current prices. Generally, fmancial valuation models require data on both the current and the historical security prices, but investors are only able to deal on the basis of current known information and do not have access to future information. In a stochastic model, this concept is captured via the process known as filtration. 

When comparing LTVs across countries, it is important to consider the basis for the valuation. Most valuations will be an assessment of the estimated market value of the property provided there is a willing buyer. Valuations that are based on a forced sale assumption (as in the Netherlands) will be lower and therefore the reported LTVs will be correspondingly higher. 

Perhaps the most important aspect of commercial property analysis is the nature and stability of the underlying cash flows. These are nsually derived from a large number of tenants occupying a single commercial property. The stability and sustainability of these cash flows are used in part to produce a valuation, and they also determine whether the leverage applied to the property is in itself sustainable. 

The launch valuation is a useful guide to the refinance value of the property and also as a starting point for estimating the value in a forced sale situation. However, remember that the valuation for a commercial property is directly linked to the amount of income it can generate. As most commercial properties are owned by special purpose companies, with the income from the property used to finance the debt, any difficulty in maintaining the mortgage payments is likely to be a direct result of a reduction in the cash flows from the property. This will reduce the property s value in a forced sale situation. 

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