Properties of Nanowires

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The fundamental physical properties of nanowire materials can be improved even more to surpass their bulk counterpart using precisely engineered NW heterostructures. It has been recently demonstrated that Si/Ge/Si core/shell nanowires exhibit electron mobility surpassing that of state-of-the-art technology.46 Group III-V nitride core/shell NWs of multiple layers of epitaxial structures with atomically sharp interfaces have also been demonstrated with well-controlled and tunable optical and electronic properties.47,48 Together, the studies demonstrate that semiconductor nanowires represent one of the best-defined nanoscale building block classes, with well-controlled chemical composition, physical size, and superior electronic/optical properties, and therefore, that they are ideally suited for assembly of more complex functional systems. 

Thomas J. Webster, Nanophase Ceramics The Future Orthopedic and Dental Implant Material Yu-Ming Lin, Mildred S. Dresselhaus, and Jackie Y. Ying, Fabrication, Structure, and Transport Properties of Nanowires... 

Nanowire systems have attracted a great deal of attention recently due to their technological potential They are of fundamental interest because they exhibit unique quantum confinement effects. In this article, advances in the fabrication of nanowires via template-assisted and laser-assisted approaches are reviewed. The structure and characteristics of different nanowire systems are discussed. To understand and predict the unusual properties of nanowires, we have developed a generalized theoretical model for the band structure of these onedimensional systems. A unique semimetal-semiconductor transition that occurs in bismuth nanowires is described. Transport measurements on bismuth and antimony nanowires illustrate that these novel materials are very different from their bulk counterparts. A transport... 

The transport properties of nanowires are of technological importance and have attracted significant attention in the recent years. Band structure gives simple solution to the analysis of the ballistic transport of periodic nanowires because the number of the bands crossing the Fermi surface is equal the number of quantum of conductance. However, the situation in nanocontacts is more complicated [112],... 

There has been considerable interest in the synthesis, characterization and properties of nanowires of various inorganic material s.4,141,144 Nanowires have been prepared using vapour phase... 

Fundamental aspects of vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) semiconductor nanowire growth are presented here. The synthesis of VLS semiconductor has been extended to different reaction media and pathways from the early chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approach, including solution-liquid-solid (SLS) and supercritical fluid-liquid-solid (SFLS), laser-catalyzed growth, and vapor-liquid-solid-epitaxy. The properties of nanowires grown by these VLS embodiments are compared. In this entry, VLS growth of nanowire heterostructures and oriented and hyperbranched arrays is examined. In addition, surface passivation and functionalization are assessed, and the importance of these techniques in the progress toward VLS produced nanowire devices is detailed. 

For CVD-VLS nanowire growth, colloidal particles are first size-selected in solution and then drop cast or spun cast onto the substrate prior to nanowire deposition. Nanowire diameter control is very important, as the optical, electronic, and mechanical properties of nanowire depend on the nanowire diameter. The histograms shown in Fig. 5B illustrate that the nanowire diameter... 

Hillhouse, H.W. Tuominen, M.T. Modeling the thermoelectric transport properties of nanowires embedded in oriented microporous and mesopor-ous films. Micro. Meso. Mater. 2001,47 (1), 39-50. 

MEMS biosensor based on the unique properties of nanowire enables highly sensitive and selective detection because nanowire as an electrode has a high surface-to-volume ratio for adsorption. When a chemically functionalized nanowire is immersed in an analyte solution, analytes react to biological active materials. As results of the reaction, electrical properties of the nanowire such as resonant frequency, conductivity, and resistance are changed [20, 21]. Schematic and SEM images of a MEMS-based nanowire biosensor are shown in Eig. 9. 

Hu J, Odom TW, Lieber CM (1999) Chemistry and physics in one dimension synthesis and properties of nanowires and nanotubes. Acc Chem Res 32 435 45 Hulteen JC, Martin CR (1997) A general template-based method for the preparation of nanomaterials. J Mater Chem 7 1075-1087... 

Hu JT, Odom TW, Libier CM. Chemistry and physios in one dimension Synthesis and properties of nanowires and nanotubes. Acc Chem Res 1999 32 435-45. 

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