Propanoic fermentations

Wine contains a mixture of straight chain fatty acids, usually referred to as short chain (C2-C4), medium chain (Ce-Cio), long chain (C12-C18), and a group of branched-chain fatty acids that include 2-methyl propanoic, 2-methyl butanoic, and 3-methyl butanoic acids. Acetic acid is quantitatively and sensorially the most important volatile fatty acid produced during alcoholic fermentation. Accounting for more that 90% of the total wine volatile acidity, acetic acid plays the most important... 

Saturated fatty acids 3 Propionic Propanoic Bacterial fermentation... 

Propionic Acid. Propanoic acid methylacetic acid ethylformic acid. C,H40, mol wt 74.08. C 48.64%, H 8.16%, O 43,20%. CHjCHjOOOH. Occurs in dairy products in small amounts. Can be obtained from wood pulp waste liquor by a fermentation process using bacteria of the genus Propionibactertum Way man et al.. U.S. pat. 

Tooth decay (dental caries) is one of the most common diseases in humans [8]. It has been defined as a chronic, dietomiaobial, site-specific disease caused by a shift from protective factors favouring tooth remineralization to destructive factors leading to demineralization [9]. The specific factors leading to destruction of the mineral phase of the tooth are the presence of oral bacteria, mainly Streptococcus mutans [10], and the availability of fermentable carbohydrates from the diet. This combination leads to the production of organic acids as a result of the metabolic process of the bacteria, of which the main one is lactic acid, though other weak acids, such as ethanoic and propanoic can also occur [11]. These acids dissolve the mineral component of the tooth, leading to loss of structure. 

The persistent problem of conventional plastic waste disposal grows ever more severe as landfills approach capacity with these highly degradation-resistant substances (Section 12-15). Biodegradable plastics provide an option for nonre-usable items such as plastic bags, wraps, and bottles. A recently developed and commercialized biobased and biodegradable plastic is poly(jS-hydroxybutyrate-co-/3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), a copolymer of 3-hydroxybutanoic acid and 3-hydroxypentanoic acid. PHBV is a polyester that is produced by bacterial fermentation of mixtures of acetic and propanoic acids. The ratio of the two hydroxy acids controls the properties of the plastic—it is more flexible with more... 

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