Propane thermodynamic properties

Thermodynamic Properties of n-Hexane Thermodynamic Properties of Propane Thermodynamic Properties of Hydrogen... 

Physica.1 Properties. Carbonyl sulfide [463-58-1] (carbon oxysulfide), COS, is a colorless gas that is odorless when pure however, it has been described as having a foul odor. Physical constants and thermodynamic properties are Hsted ia Table 1 (17,18). The vapor pressure has been fitted to an equation, and a detailed study has been made of the phase equiUbria of the carbonyl sulfide—propane system, which is important ia the purification of propane fuel (19,20). Carbonyl sulfide can be adsorbed on molecular sieves (qv) as a means for removal from propane (21). This approach has been compared to the use of various solvents and reagents (22). 

Figure 11-32. Vapor pressure curve for propane. (Used by permission Starling, K. E. Fluid Thermodynamic Properties for Light Petroleum S3rs-tems, 1973. Gulf Publishing Co., Houston, Texas. All rights reserved.)...

Steele, W.V., Chirico, R.D., Cowell, A.B., Knipmeyer, S.E., and Nguyen, A. Thermodynamic properties and ideal-gas enthalpies of formation for 2-aminoisobutyric acid (2-methylalanine), acetic acid, ( -5-ethylidene-2-norbornene, mesityl oxide (4-methyl-3-penten-2-one), 4-methylpent-l-ene, 2,2 -bis(phenylthio)propane, and glycidyl phenyl ether (1,2-epoxy-3-phenox3q>ropane), / Chem. Eng. Data, 42(6) 1053-1066, 1997. 

Heintz, A., Lehman, J.K., and Wertz, Ch., Thermodynamic properties of mixtures containing ionic liquids. 3. Liquid-liquid equilibria of binary mixtures of l-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide with propan-l-ol, butan-l-ol, and pentan-l-ol, /. Chem. Eng. Data, 48, 472, 2003. 

Benedict, M., Webb, G.B., and Rubin, L.C. An Empirical Equation for Thermodynamic Properties of Light Hydrocarbons and Their Mixtures, I. Methane, Ethane, Propane and n-Butane, J. Chem. Phys. (April 1940) 8, 334-345. 

Ambrose, D., Sprake, C.H.S. (1974) Thermodynamic properties of organic oxygen compounds. 32. Vapom pressme and second virial coefficient of propanal. J. Chem. Thermodyn. 6, 453-456. 

Propane is beneficial working fluid due to its good thermodynamic properties, low cost, availability, compatibility with constructional materials, environmental friendliness. The latest circumstance is very important because of the ozone depleting by chlorfluorocarbons CFC and hydrochlorfluorocarbons HCFC. So, propane as other hydrocarbons is welcomed and used as working fluid in heat pumps for heating application in Europe [2, 3]. 

The values in these tables were generated from the NIST REFPROP software (Lemmon, E. W., McLinden, M.O., and Huber, M.L., NIST Standard Reference Database 23 Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties—REFPROP, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, Md., 2002, Version 7.1). The primary source for the thermodynamic properties is Dillon, H. E., and Penoncello, S. G., A Fundamental Equation for Calculation of the Thermodynamic Properties of Ethanol, Int. J. Thermophys., 25(2) 321-335,2004. The source for viscosity is Kiselev, S. B., Ely, J. E, Abdulagatov, I. M., and Huber, M. L., Generalized SAFT-DFT/DMT Model for the Thermodynamic, Interfacial, and Transport Properties of Associating Fluids Application for n-Alkmols, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 44 6916-6927, 2005. The source for thermal conductivity is unpublished, 2004 however, the fit uses functional form found in Marsh, K., Perkins, R., and Ramires, M.L.V, Measurement and Correlation of the Thermal Conductivity of Propane from 86 to 600 K at Pressures to 70 MPa, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 47(4) 932-940, 2002. 

In order to examine the effect of the Kihara parameters on the predicted hydrate equilibrium pressures, a sensitivity analysis was carried out (see also Cao et al. ). In this study we report results for methane (si hydrate former) and propane (sll hydrate former). The Kihara parameter values, as well as the thermodynamic property values, reported by Sloan were taken as the base-reference case and hydrate equilibrium pressures were calculated by perturbing the reference values in the range +(1%-10%). On the other hand, the reported thermodynamic parameters zl// and Ah have a wider range, but as it is going to be discussed later, have a less significant effect on the predictions. 

Figure 2 Sensitivity analysis of the Kihara parameters and the thermodynamic properties for propane. Effect on the predicted equilihrium pressure of (a) energy parameter, e/k, (b) distance parameter, a, and (c) reference chemical potential difference, AyP.

A sensitivity analysis was performed to examine the effect of the thermodynamic properties and the Kihara parameters on the hydrate equilibrium calculations. It was demonstrated that the Kihara parameters (s/k and a) had a more significant effect on hydrate equilibrium predictions than the thermodynamic properties (Ap and Ah ) for the cases of methane and propane that were examined in this work. It was observed that parameters obtained from one set of experiments could not always be used in correlating successfully other hydrate experimental data sets. This problem was more pronounced in cases that the fitted parameters were to be used for other properties such as virial coefficients or viscosities. Finally, issues such as satisfactory predictions at very high pressures and multiple cage occupancy need to be considered. 

Handa, Y.P. Stupin, D. Thermodynamic properties and dissociation characteristics of methane and propane hydrates in 70-A-radius silica gel pores. J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 8599-8606. 

Utility of the present type of equation of state for tabulating thermodynamic properties has been demonstrated in major NBS publications on methane, ethane, and propane. For readers accustomed to BWR-type equations, with their attendant difficulties, the programming of the present equation, including numerical integrations, probably is no more complicated, and may be logically much simpler. 

Propane, Part II PVT Surface and Corresponding Thermodynamic Properties, Adv. Cryog. Eng. 1973,18, 220. 

Lemmon, E.W, McLinden, M.O., and Wagner, W, Thermodynamic Properties of Propane. III. A Reference Equation of State for Temperatures from the Melting Line to 650 K and Pressures up to 1000 MPa, submitted to /. Chem. Eng. Data, 2009. 

Figure 4.7. K- a ae for methane in propane at cryogenic conditions. (Data from R. H. Cavett, Monsanto Physical Data System, paper presented at AIChE meeting, 1972, and E. W. West and J. H. Erbar, An Evaluation of Four Methods of Predicting Thermodynamic Properties of Light Hydrocarbon Systems, paper presented at NGPA meeting, 1973.)...

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