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Promoter-Specific Factors

The transcription factors described above have been shown to direct in vitro initiation on many different promoters. Firm evidence [Pg.87]

Comparison of the relative efficiency of in vitro transcription of two promoters with extracts from the gland of silk moth and HeLa cells has shown preferential transcription in silk moth extracts of a homologous silk moth fibroin gene (Tsuda and Suzuki, 1981). As yet, a specific factor has not been identified using this assay. It might be anticipated that further work with this and other assays will lead to identification of a number of factors each specific for a subset of promoters. [Pg.88]

Enhancer elements that stimulate transcription in vivo at adjacent promoters are thought to be important in regulation of genes during differentiation. The mechanism by which such an element can enhance transcription at promoters positioned over 1000 base pairs away is not known. Some have suggested that enhancer elements may be sites of entry for pol II, it being subsequently transferred to the ini- [Pg.88]


Millar, S. E., Lader, E., Liang, L-F., and Dean, J. (1991). Oocyte-specific factors bind a conserved upstream sequence required for mouse zona pellucida promoter activity. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11 6197-6204. [Pg.146]

As shown above, the reverse reaction (3) was undetectable, in full agreement with the FenNO + description. The two factors analyzed above influencing the instability of the NiR enzyme are absent for NP under normal physiological conditions. The conversion of bound NO+ to nitrite and further release of the latter species to the medium occur at pHs higher than 10 for NP (55). Besides, NP can be transformed into the moderately inert [Fen(CN)5NO]3 (although more labile compared to NP, see above) under reducing conditions. Then, we can postulate that NO+ should be extremely inert toward dissociation in the different systems, unless some specific factor promoting labilization is present. [Pg.74]

The transcription and therefore production of the integrin av and 33 subunits are each regulated by a promoter specific transcription factor Spl. This binds to guanine-rich promoter regions, which are found in many genes including those for both av and 33, IGF-I, and FGF. [Pg.437]

At least three types of proteins regulate transcription initiation by RNA polymerase specificity factors alter the specificity of RNA polymerase for a given promoter or set of promoters repressors impede access of RNA polymerase to the promoter and activators enhance the RNA polymerase-promoter interaction. [Pg.1083]

Transcription control factors promote or prevent RNA polymerase binding. Various trans-acting factors (proteins) bind at specific cis-acting sequences. These factors can bind upstream of the promoter. Other factors bind to enhancer sequences and the chromatin folds to allow the enhancer-binding factors to bind to the proteins at... [Pg.253]

The d,-antitrypsin promoter contains a consensus TATA box, a B-recognition element for transcription-activating factor IIB, a hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 site, and two non-tissue-specific regions that increase transcription. There is a 3 enhancer region with five potential binding sites for transcription factors. The specific factors that bind in this area remain to be described. [Pg.47]

Transcriptional initiation is the most important mode for control of eukaryotic gene expression. Specific factors that exert control include the strength of promoter elements within the DNA sequences of a given gene, the presence or absence of enhancer sequences (which enhance the activity of RNA polymerase at a given promoter by binding specific transcription factors) and the interaction between multiple activator proteins and inhibitor proteins. [Pg.297]

Hgure 4.3.5 Modelling evolution with time of the specific growth and death rates (a) and their limiting (b) and promoting (c) factors during a batch culture. [Pg.176]

The late Gj cyclin-CDK complexes (Clnl-CDK and Cln2-CDK) phosphorylate and inhibit Cdhl, the specificity factor that directs the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) to B-type cyclins, thus permitting accumulation of S-phase B-type cyclins. [Pg.881]


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Specific promoters

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