Progestogen contraceptive

Hirsutism in women h severe coses combined oestrogen/ progestogen contraceptive pill or cyproterone plus ethinyloestradiol (Dianette). Spironolactone, cimeiidine have been used. Local cosmetic approaches cpihtion by wax or electrolysis defsifatjon (chemical), e.g. thioglycollic acid, barium sulphide. Laser epilation is expensive and the results are transient. 

Krattenmacher, R. (2000) Drospirenone pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of a unique progestogen. Contraception, 62, 29-38. 

Table 1. Low Dose Monophasic Estrogen—Progestogen Combination Oral Contraceptives Marketed in the United States...

Implanted Contraceptives. Controlled release of contraceptive progestins also can be accompHshed by incorporating the dmg into an implantable cylinder or rod. The best known implant is Norplant, developed by the Population Council. Norplant is composed of six matchlike silastic cylinders with the progestogen levonorgestrel (11) incorporated on the inside of each cylinder. After implantation under the skin, the product can provide effective contraception for a period of five years (43,44). Since silastic is not biodegradable, the implant can be removed from a patient at any time. 

Clinical studies with Norplant attest to its high contraceptive efficacy and safety. The main reason patients request the removal of Norplant is unpredictable vaginal bleeding episodes followed by amenorrhea. The bleeding problem is an unavoidable sequela of progestogen-only contraception. 

In the same way as estrogens, progestogens are used in the treatment of several other conditions such as infertility, endometriosis, in the management of certain breast and endometrial cancers, and either alone or in combination with estrogens in the treatment of menstrual disorders, among others. The therapeutic doses required in the treatment of many of these diseases are often significantly larger than those employed in contraception. 

The synthesis of Lp(a) can be influenced by hormones, as is reported by Albers et al. (A7), who observed a reduction of Lp(a) concentrations in nor-molipidemic postmenopausal women treated during 6 weeks with the anabolic steroid stanazolol. The same effect was reported for norethisterone (FI) and danazol (Cl2). Exogenous estrogens, as used in treatment of postmenopausal complaints and in oral contraceptives, induce a decrease of Lp(a) (D9, H27, K13, KAO, L21, S37). This effect is dose-related and dependent on Lp(a) levels before treatment (F2). Watanabe (W9) investigated the influence of progestogen (alone) and detected a decrease of Lp(a) during treatment. 

Since the development of the oral contraceptive steroids in the 1960s, various steroids and procedures have been used. Synthetic steroids are now used since their half-hves in the body are longer than the natural steroids. Combined oestrogen-progesterone contraception involves taking one piU each day which contains a synthetic progestogen plus an oestrogen. The pill is taken for 21 dyas, with a break for... 

Combined oral contraceptives are less likely to be associated with irregular vaginal bleeding than progestogen-only contraceptives. However, they are... 

Levonorgestrel is a progestogen derivative. It is found either in combined oral contraceptives coupled with an oestrogen derivative or alone in progestogen-only contraceptives. 

Q64 Initiating carbamazepine therapy in a patient receiving oral contraceptives decreases the contraceptive effect. Carbamazepine decreases the metabolism of oestrogens and progestogens. 

Corbamazepine interacts with oral contraceptives. Corbamazepine increases the metabolism of oestrogens and progestogens resulting in a decrease in the plasma concentration of oestrogens and progestogens. This in turn brings about a decrease in the contraceptive level provided. 

Chlormadinone Synthetic progestogen Menstrual disorders. Oral contraceptive... 

Ethynodiol diacetate Synthetic progestogen Component of many combined oral contraceptives. Progesterone replacement therapy... 

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