ProFound software

Problems are associated with quantitative analysis using IR. First, deviation from Beer s law affect quantitative analyses profoundly, especially those deviations resulting from saturation effects. Variations in the path length that are not accounted for can also cause problems. Second, specific interactions between components in the sample can influence the quantitation, especially those interactions that are temperature and pressure sensitive. Third, if the quantitation is based on the peak being due to only one absorbance when in reality it is a result of overlapping bands, then there will be a bias in data that is not necessarily linear. Currently available IR spectrometers have software packages containing matrix methods that simplify the operations associated with multicomponent... 

Since it will take several years to realize such an integral software toolbox, individual approaches with separate steps have to be applied to meet gradually the requirements of microreactor design. Standard software for computational fluid dynamics is directly applicable in this context, and there are also powerful software tools for the simulation of special steps in microfabrication processes. However, there has been rather little experience with materials for microreactors, optimization of microreactor design, and, in particular, the treatment of interdependent effects. Consequently, a profound knowledge of the basic properties and phenomena of microreaction technology just described is absolutely essential for the successful design of microreaction devices. 

Several software search engines, including MS-Fit, MOWSE, Prot-ID, Expasy tools, ProFound, Mascot, and PeptideSearch, are available for use with the peptide-mass fingerprinting data. During the search process, the algorithm matches the measured molecular masses of peptides in the query against the list of theoretical mass... 

The answers to aU of these questions can have a profound impact on the success of the tool in an organization. One needs to be especitilly cttfeful in considering the last question. The human implications of introducing software tools in an oigemization are frequently underestimated. This underestimation has caused organizations to be unsuccessful in the introduction and implementation of these tools, resulting in wasted effort and dollars and in the frustration of those project sttikeholders who were affected by the failed effort. 

Encouragingly, the acceleration methods described by Luo et al. are appHcable to many software packages and could improve many PB solvers. Although many applications can benefit from faster PB methods, perhaps the most profound advantage will be in the realm of stochastic dynamics simulations by enabling the efficient implicit solvent simulations of protein dynamics at the PB level of electrostatics theory. 

Although soft machines will probably never replace hard ones, wetware may soon take its place next to hardware and software in the designer s lexicon. Human civilization has been so profoundly influenced by materials technologies that historians have defined distinct time periods by the materials that were dominant during these eras. The current research on intelligent gels will probably be the dawn of a new era, the wetware age. ... 

This is a measure of the level of profoundness associated with the software. In finite element analysis, the level of profoundness increases from elasticity to plasticity, from one dimensional through two dimensional to three dimensional, from small strain through large deflection to large strain, from static analysis to dynamic analysis, etc. It is worthwhile to say that each increase in the level of profoundness brings a better understanding and, sometimes, more unanswered questions in the field. 

---