Product loss

In the heavy-water plants constmcted at Savannah River and at Dana, these considerations led to designs in which the relatively economical GS process was used to concentrate the deuterium content of natural water to about 15 mol %. Vacuum distillation of water was selected (because there is Httle likelihood of product loss) for the additional concentration of the GS product from 15 to 90% D2O, and an electrolytic process was used to produce the final reactor-grade concentrate of 99.75% D2O. 

An important aspect of economic consideration is the prevention of egg and egg product loss to the drain or the atmosphere, eg, a checked or cracked egg may be broken in the washer, and the contents go down the drain with the wash water. Other measurable losses during egg product production are Hsted in Table 5. 

The task force must be capable of identifying pollution reduc tion alternatives as well as be cognizant of inherent obstacles to the process. Barriers frequently arise from the anxiety associated with the belief that the program will negatively affect produc t quality or result in production losses. According to an EPA survey, 30 percent of indus-tiy comments responded that they were concerned that product qualify would decline if waste minimization techniques were implemented (Ref. 6). As such, the assessment team, and the team leader in particular, must be ready to react to these and other concerns (Ref. 2fy... 

For many plants handling monomers and other hazardous materials, sealless pumps are the first choice. They can practically eliminate the pump problems that can occur due to se leaks, which can include product loss, flammabihty, waste disposal, and exposure of personnel to hazardous vapors. 

To obtain the benefits of this seal, it is necessary to install a gauge indicating the actual seal chamber pressure. Sensors and transmitters can be used to monitor and act on a pressure change. One of the two seals can fail without product loss or fugitive emissions. This seal would be connected to a pumping unit seen later in this chapter. 

The checkers performed this step on a smaller scale (ca. f) and noted (proton magnetic resonance spectrum) occasional contamination (up to 10%) by phthalic anhydride. This impurity causes no subsequent difiSculties. Washing of the crude reaction mixture with cold aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate resulted in serious product loss because of its appreciable solubility in this medium and therefore should be avoided. 

As statistics show, during 10 years in one state and one oil company only, 18 fires have been attributed to static electricity, causing damage and product losses of millions of dollars. ... 

Problem A knockback condenser mounted on a C3 splitter reflux drum exhibited liquid carryover (as evidenced by the vent line icing-up). This indicated product loss from liquid caixying over rather than dripping back into the reflux drum. Also the vent line metallurgy would not withstand the cold temperatures produced. 

To be able to find and correct performance deficiencies quickly and effectively without production loss at the site. 

Pilot-operated PR valves can be specified for blowdown as low as 2%. This is an advantage for main gas pipeline and pressure storage applications, where the narrow range of pressure cycling minimizes product losses resulting from a release. 

Potential property damage, product loss, and business interruption costs if an incident occurs. 

Activation of the blowdown, however, will not depressurize a system fully for a considerable length of time. One of the reasons for considering retaining the possibility of human intervention was that the automated blowdown system was not considered completely reliable at the time because of the limitations of the fire and gas detection hardware. This would have the effect of resulting in increasing the likelihood of spurious blowdown production losses. 

Material control and traceability This item could have a higher priority if raw material or product losses are high or represent a significant safety or environmental risk. 

High numbers of casualties, severe material datnage, and production losses due to fires, explosions, and other accidents in recent years liave motivated all sectors of industry and responsible autliorities to initiate scientific investigations of these deadly phenomena. The ultimate goal of the investigations is to develop safety measures tliat will prevent or limit tlie effects of such accidents. 

Bright, G. F, Halting Product Loss Through Safety Relief Valves, Chem. Eng. Progress, Vol. 68, (5), 1972, p. 59. 

Class 111 or serious machinery include major plant equipment that do not have a dramatic impact on production but that contribute to maintenance costs. An example of the serious classification would be a redundant system. Since the inline spare could maintain production, loss of one component would not affect production. However, the failure would have a direct impact on maintenance cost. 

Severe damage to the Unit causing Product loss, revenue loss. Catalyst loss, etc. 

Figure 1. The container must block Figure 2. The container must preentry of outside gases. vent product loss.

---