Processor micro, control

Fig. 7 Panel of a micro-processor based control system...

Due to their excellent characteristics, the technical feasibility of micro- and miUistructured processors for control and process intensification was... 

C,B Q First diesel-electric streamliner run, 1984 GE First micro-processor controlled... 

Since the mass-transfer coefficient at a micropipette is inversely proportional to its radius, the smaller the pipette the faster heterogeneous rate constants can be measured. Micrometer-sized pipettes are too large to probe rapid CT reactions at the ITIES. Such measurements require smaller (nm-sized) pipettes. Nanopipettes are also potentially useful as SECM tips (see Section IV.D) because they can greatly improve spatial resolution of that technique. The fabrication of nanopipettes was made possible by the use of a micro-processor-controlled laser pipette puller capable of puling quartz capillaries [26]. Using this technique, Wei et al. produced nanopipettes as small as 20 nm tip radius and employed them in amperometric experiments [9]. 

Potentiometric titrations are readily automated by using a motor-driven syringe or an automatic burette coupled to a chart recorder or digital printout system. This is described in more detail in Chapter 12. A micro-processor-controlled titrator is discussed in Chapter 13. 

Semiconductor A generic term for a device that controls electrical signals. It specifically refers to a material (such as silicon, germanium or gallium arsenide) that can be altered either to conduct electrical current or to block its passage. Carbon nanotubes may eventually be used as semiconductors. Semiconductors are partly responsible for the miniaturization of modem electronic devices, as they are vital components in computer memory and processor chips. The manufacture of semiconductors is carried out by small firms, and by industry giants such as Intel and Advanced Micro Devices. 

Interferometers can easily be adapted to the required resolution. One interferometer may either provide the very high resolution needed for a analysis of gas spectra, or a high optical conductance at a lower resolution, which is ideal for quick and reliable routine analysis. Their simple, rugged construction make interferometers suitable even for the industrial environment, where they serve in production and quality control. Due to the development of modern micro electronics, the necessary Fourier transformation can now be performed in real time by micro processors, together with the other procedures needed to evaluate the spectra for analytical purposes. 

Check/adjust the 0% trartsmittance most fnatrur ments have a control which allows you to zero the detector output in the absence of any light (termed dark current correction). Some micro-processor-Qontrolled instruments carry out this step autor matically. 

The essence of this plant is of course the UF plant itself, which is shown in Figure 6, It is a DDS plant of the same type as at the Fe a cheese dairy, consisting of 45 modules, type 35, each with 42 m (452 ft ) membrane area. The plant is fully automatic, controlled by micro processors and integrated in a superior total control of the whole factory. 

Here, we show only a bare outline of the individual components in the overall system. This SYSTEM is capable of operation in inert atmosphere or vacuum. A melt/seed contact monitor is provided as well as a CCTV camera for observing and controlling the crystal diameter as it grows. Note that both the crucible and crystal rotation can be controlled. In order to control the heat-convection patterns which normally appear in the melt, an external cryomagnet is supplied. Its magnetic field controls heat losses, plus it maintains a better control of the crystal growth. A slave micro-processor controls both crystal diameter and meniscus-contact of the growing crystal. 

The availability of on-line microcomputers and micro-processor-controlled equipment is extending many of the benefits of continuous processing to the batch processor. The pharmaceutical industry has been a leader in the employment of these new techniques. ... 

Two on-line computer- or micro-processor-controlled gas chromatographs... 

With speed-controlled piston extruders, which imply a high definition of the signals, the micro-processor based systems are likely to represent the optimum technical solution at present. 

Then with the focused transducer activated, the probe was scanned across the weld area, under push-button control, to detect the lower edge of the unfused land. This point was then used as a datum to which all subsequent transducer positions were referred. If the operator was satisfied with the quality of signals obtained the automatic scanning facility was introduced. Most functions necessary to select the transducer and digitise and store the ultrasonic data were then performed automatically under micro-processor control. The sequence of such operations was as follows ... 

The UADD B58 automatic left and right front jacket press from Hoffman Machinery Co. is fitted with a unique 40-program micro-processor controL The unique feature is automatic fine-pressure control with 2-psi increments. It is possible to connect the micro-processor to a PC network in order to monitor production. 

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