Process data sources

Chemometrics provides a means of contemporaneously analyzing sample data to optimize processes. Data sources may be spectral, wet chemistry or a combination. 

The CO-LaN (the CAPE-OPEN Laboratories Network), formerly CAPE-open, is a neutral industry and academic association promoting open interface standards in process simulation software This very detailed standard defines single parts of a process simulator. The concept of CAPE-open respects the structure of industrial processes, such that the representation of material and energy flows is possible. The main goal of these standards is to ensure simulation module reuse, their cooperation, and data exchange, but it does not involve the integration with other tools such as process data sources, knowledge bases, etc. 

Copper Development Association P.O. Box 1840 Greenwich, Conn. 06836 Standards for wrought and cast copper and copper alloy products a standards handbook is pubUshed with tolerances, alloy data, terminology, engineering data, processing characteristics, sources and specifications cross-indexes for six coppers and 87 copper-based alloys that are recognized as standards. 

The major water desalination processes that ate currendy in use or in advanced research stages are described herein. Information on detailed modeling can be found in the Hterature cited. The major texts on water desalination written since the 1980s are those by Spiegler and Laird (47), Khan (48), which contains many practical design aspects, Lior (49) on the measurements and control aspects, Heitman (40) on pretreatment and chemistry aspects, and Spiegler and El-Sayed (50), an overview primer. Extensive data sources are provided in References 39 and 51. 

Figure 1.1. Process equipment reliability data data sources, data flow, and data use.

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