Mitigation techniques, process controls

Procedural controls, process controls, 98-99 Process controls, 96-100 active controls, 98 inherently safer approach, 97 mitigation techniques, 99 passive controls, 97-98 procedural controls, 98-99 safe operating limits, 99-100 Process definition, documentation, 102-104 Process design, documentation, 105 Process hazard analysis (PHA) risk assessment, 92-93 screening methods, 63 Process risk management decisions, documentation, 105-106... 

Another technique for mitigating process upsets is to abort the process by means of an emergency process control system. This approach is most commonly employed with reactive chemical systems. Successful methods include ... 

With an optimized innovation ready for the market, it s time to improve and transition the project to its owners for ongoing operation. Use the Process Behavior Charts and Control Plan techniques during and after this transition. Also use the Cause Effect Diagram and Cause Effect Matrix to diagnose, solve, or at least mitigate any implementation problems encountered. 

Precombustion control involves removal of sulfur compounds from fuel prior to combustion. Control during combustion employs techniques to minimize the formation and/or release of SO2 and N0X during the combustion process. Finally, SO2 and N0X can be removed from the combustion flue gas using various postcombustion control methods. This chapter discusses the potential of mitigating acid deposition through precombustion cleaning of coal to remove sulfur compounds. 

The scope to alter both the efficiency and safety of application through control of the fate of applied material has been explored in a classification of application equipment by hazard (Parkin et al., 1994). Application techniques as well as equipment are required to be taken into account for such a classification, which covers all four possible distinct styles of application i.e. direct, liquid, solid and space. The direct style of application, which is typified by the need to bring treated items into intimate contact with pesticide, is exemplified by admixture processes, e.g. seed treatments. Direct applications take place under highly controllable conditions and often within relatively confined environments, which can potentially mitigate the exposure risks from applied material (presented either in... 

A formal hazard analysis of the anticipated operations was conducted using Preliminary Hazard Assessment (PHA) and Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) techniques to evaluate potential hazards associated with processing operations, waste handling and storage, quality control activities, and maintenance. This process included the identification of various features to control or mitigate the identified hazards. Based on the hazard analysis, a more limited set of accident scenarios was selected for quantitative evaiuation, which bound the risks to the public. These scenarios included radioactive material spills and fires and considered the effects of equipment failure, human error, and the potential effects of natural phenomena and other external events. The hazard analysis process led to the selection of eight design basis accidents (DBA s), which are summarized in Table E.4-1. 

Electro spraying of Pt/C-Nafion-alcohol dispersions was employed as a new method to deposit catalyst layers on Nafion membranes for hydrogen/oxygen air fuel cells, suggesting that control of electrospray processing parameters can lead to tailored electrode structures where such mass transport losses are mitigated (Baturina et al., 2005). Wei et al. (2005) have also used this technique. 

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