Process, batch integrating

Batch Crystallization Batch crystalhzation has been practiced longer than any other form of ciystaUization in both atmospheric tanks, which are either static or agitated, as well as in vacuum or pressure vessels. It is still widely practiced in the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industry or in those applications where the capacity is veiy small. The integrity of the batch with respect to composition and history can be maintained easily and the inventoiy management is more precise than with continuous processes. Batch ciystalhzers can be left unattended (overnight) if necessary and this is an important advantage for many small producers. 

FEMAP andVisQ With FEMAP, users can define analysis models, integrate the appropriate solver technologies and review, interpret and document their results quickly and efficiently. VisQ speeds and automates the batch solution process by integrating remote computer servers across networks and the Internet with FEMAP on the engineer s desktop. 

Finally, the process can be broken into several campaigns in which intermediates are manufactured and stored for the next campaign. The final product is manufactured in the last campaign. Essentially all the equipment units of the plants are used in each campaign. This mode of process operation is possible if batch integrity is not essential and/or intermediates are sufficiently stable and can be stored for a certain period of time. 

It is necessary that all containers, production lines, and equipment be properly identified to ensure batch integrity and the stage or location during processing... 

Phillips CH, Lauschke G, Peerhossaini H. Intensification of batch processes using integrated chemical reactors-heat exchangers. Appl Thermal Eng 1997 17(8.10) 809-824. 

What are the cost factors involved between continuous and batch designs Has continuous processing been considered more valuable than the quality which can be defined by batch integrity ... 

Quality. Semiconductor processing techniques enable integration and thus a reduction in the numbers of elements and interconnections, resulting in improved quality. Furthermore, proven batch processes for quality assurance and testing of silicon-based sensors have been adopted from processes for integrated circuits. 

If produced in a classical solution batch process the integral cost price of the terpolymer considered amounts to 2700/ton. The most favored production method with reactive extrusion utilizes one extruder reactor of 200 mm diameter and leads to an integral cost prize of 2559/ton. Finally, a rather unfavorable reactive extrusion method needs eight 100-mm extruders in parallel. In this case the cost prize will be 2769/ton. 

Synthesis, Design and Operational Modelling of Batch Processes An Integrated Approach... 

Selection of an appropriate mixer begins with an understanding of process requirements (e.g., quantity of bulk solids to be mixed, desired degree of mixedness, the need for batch integrity, upstream/downstream process) and material properties (e.g., particle size distribution, cohesiveness, particle shape, abrasiveness). The final analysis must then combine these factors with the operating and purchase cost to arrive at an engineering decision. 

Ease of Operation The hydrolysis process is continuous. This affords the potential for significant process energy integration and reduces equipment size, labor requirements, maintenance and energy costs compared with comparable batch operations. 

Allow product integrity. Each batch of product can be clearly identified in terms of the feeds involved and conditions of processing. This is particularly important in industries such as pharmaceuticals and foodstufls. 

Even the tight controls in siUcon integrated circuit manufacturing are not yet sufficient to produce absolutely identical sensors on a single wafer. Cahbration of the final product is usually necessary, often by adjusting the value of a circuit element on the IC such as a resistor. The caUbration process can be automated, but it stiU adds to the cost of batch-fabricated sensors. Clever means of self-caUbration, particularly in field use, are constantiy being sought. 

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