Upstream and Downstream Processing

The first consideration in any design and optimization problem is to decide the boundaries of the system. A reactor can rarely be optimized without considering the upstream and downstream processes connected to it. Chapter 6 attempts to integrate the reactor design concepts of Chapters 1-5 with process economics. The goal is an optimized process design that includes the costs of product recovery, in-process recycling, and by-product disposition. The reactions are... 

Biopharm production can be divided into upstream and downstream processing (Figure 5.5). Upstream processing refers to the initial fermentation process that results in the initial generation of product, i.e. the product biosynthesis phase. Downstream processing refers to the actual purification of the protein product and generation of finished product format (i.e. filling into its final product containers,... 

Physical and chemical properties of the wet feed as well as the product desired (specifications) expected variability in feed characteristics Upstream and downstream processing operations... 

The production of therapeutic proteins is commonly performed using mammalian cell lines, most commonly Chinese hamster ovary (CHO), but including also NSO and SP2/0 cell lines. Mammahan ceU lines are currently responsible for more than 60% of all licensed products. Their importance is due to an abihty to perform the correct complex post-translational modifications required by many therapeutic proteins for their physiological activity. However, a drawback of mammahan cells is that yields are typically low compared to bacterial and yeast systems, while development and manufacturing costs are high. A major goal of process development groups over recent years has therefore been the increase of product yields (from both upstream and downstream process improvements) and the reduction of development... 

Develop upstream and downstream processes and determine formulation concurrent with safety testing of the cell bank. 

Independently of the expression system used, a production process requires many stages to obtain a purified product t q)ically 10 to 20 steps compose upstream and downstream processing. Downstream processing usually consists of two to four chromatographic steps. 

A batch FBD is used when the production capacity required is small (normally 50-1000 kg/h) or several products are to be produced in the same production line. It is preferable to operate batchwise if upstream and downstream processes are operated in batch mode, or several processes are to be carried out in sequence (e.g., mixing, drying, granulation/coat-ing, cooling) in the same processing unit. 

Qureshi N, Blaschek HR 2001. Evaluation of recent advances in butanol fermentation, upstream and downstream processing. Bioprocess. Biosyst. Eng. 24 219-226. 

Thns, the gas-cleaning process must always be of optimal design for both the upstream and downstream processes. 

Introduction to the Upstream and Downstream Processing of Po ly hyd roxya I ka n oates... 

Microbial-based Polyhydroxyalkanoates Upstream and Downstream Processing... 

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