Process as a Whole

This seems obvious, but it is not always easy to predict how a change in one part of a processing chain will affect the process as a whole (there will always be a bottleneck... 

Initial. selection of diyers. Select those diyers which appear best suited to handhngthe wet material and the diy product, which fit into the continuity of the process as a whole, and which will produce a product of the desired physical properties. This preliminaiy selection can be made with the aid of Table 12-9, which classifies the various types of dryers on the basis of the materials handled. 

In many cases, this wastewater has environmental implications and incurs treatment costs. In addition, wastewater may wash out valuable unused raw materials from the process areas. It is very important to know how much wastewater is going down the drain, and what that wastewater contains. The wastewater-flows from each imit operation, as well as from the process as a whole, need to be quantified, sampled, and analyzed. 

This product contains information on the properties of the suspension and characterizes the settling process as a whole. Substituting equation 62 into 63 gives... 

Contract review is but one of the tasks in the contract acquisition process. These are marketing, prospect acquisition, tendering, contract negotiation, contract award, and then contract review. However, in a sales situation, you may simply have a catalog of products and services and a sales office taking orders over the telephone or over the counter. The contract review element of this operation takes a few seconds while you determine if you can supply the item requested. In an organization that produces products to specific customer requirements you may in fact carry out all the tasks in the contract acquisition process. Rather than isolate the contract review task and produce a procedure for this, your business may benefit more from a procedure or series of procedures that covers the contract acquisition process as a whole. 

The process as a whole is transient nucleation is predominant initially, and nucleus growth is predominant subsequently. Growth of the nuclei usually continues until they have reached a certain mean size. After some time a quasisteady state is attained, when the number of nuclei that cease to grow in unit time has become equal to the number of nuclei newly formed in unit time. 

It should be remembered that in the above examples what is nucleophilic attack from the viewpoint of one participant is electrophilic attack from the viewpoint of the other. Any designation of the process as a whole tends therefore to be somewhat arbitrary, reflecting as it does our preconceptions about what constitutes a reagent as opposed to a substrate (cf. p. 30). 

For the evaluation of the safe process structure of the acetic acid process (Ch. 12, Fig. 7) CBR database searches were done on two levels (Heikkila et al., 1998). First level was the acetic acid process as a whole. On the second level the reactor system was studied in more detail. 

The purpose of this discussion of science, clearly, is to apply it to herbal medicine. The reputed uses of drugs may not always be accurate or effective. Applying the scientific method to herbal medicine therefore allows us to test the traditional uses and to know with greater certainty what an herbal medication does and how reliably it does it. Although far from infallible, the process as a whole gives us greater confidence in our conclusions. 

Section 5.3 described a number of alternative design and implementation strategies for near-infrared analyzers, suitable for operation in a process analytical environment. However, none of these analyzers can operate without a robust, maintainable and repeatable sampling interface with the process sample under consideration. In addition to this question of the optical interface to the sample, there is a whole wider area of concern, which is how far the particular sample interface is representative of the sample in the process as a whole. This complex issue is not addressed here, and is dealt with separately in Chapter 3. 

Before looking in detail at the mechanisms of the various reactions and processes it is worth summarizing some relevant observations about the carbonylation processes as a whole that need to be explained by these mechanisms. It should be noted that, although the overall feedstock is MeOH for an AcOH process, for practical reasons it is usual to operate with relatively high [AcOH] in the reactor and that most of the substrate is present as MeOAc through esterification (Eq. (3)). 

Ineffective or unconvincing approaches to uncertainty can affect the credibility of individual risk assessments or the regulatory process as a whole. 

The best therapists established a clear sense of direction for the process as a whole and for the steps within it so that the client could know where he or she was going next. They also worked on making their clients believe that they could get there. 

Chemical Leasing, in its broadest sense, reaches far beyond the use of chemicals According to this concept, the operating process, as a whole, is being leased. Thus, in addition to chemicals, the technical facilities, all services necessary for smooth functioning and, if applicable, also human resources are provided. This helps to dramatically improve the reliability of the complete production process. 

Please note We should not underestimate the fact that the personnel of PERO Innovative Services is one of the key success factors They exclusively control the cleaning process and the quality. Their only task is to run and maintain the machine. Their experience and skills in stabilising ensure the successful operation of the process as a whole. 

Thermodynamics of the epoxy compound curing with amines is interesting from two points of view. It concerns all the numerous elementary reactions resulting in the formation of H-complexes in the reaction system and the process as a whole, as well. 

In order for a process to be controllable by machine, it must represented by a mathematical model. Ideally, each element of a dynamic process, for example, a reflux drum or an individual tray of a fractionator, is represented by differential equations based on material and energy balances, transfer rates, stage efficiencies, phase equilibrium relations, etc., as well as the parameters of sensing devices, control valves, and control instruments. The process as a whole then is equivalent to a system of ordinary and partial differential equations involving certain independent and dependent variables. When the values of the independent variables are specified or measured, corresponding values of the others are found by computation, and the information is transmitted to the control instruments. For example, if the temperature, composition, and flow rate of the feed to a fractionator are perturbed, the computer will determine the other flows and the heat balance required to maintain constant overhead purity. Economic factors also can be incorporated in process models then the computer can be made to optimize the operation continually. 

This maximum can be most conveniently found graphically (Fig. 1.10). The average production rate is given by the slope of the line ZA this is obviously a maximum when the line is tangent to the curve of x versus t, i.e. ZT as shown. The reaction time obtained tr max is not necessarily the optimum for the process as a whole,... 

Therefore, if it turns out to be possible to vary the dimensions of a forming cavity until Eq. (4.38) be fulfilled, it will have to be done, since it leads to minimization of filling time (and the process as a whole) and hence to enchanced productivity of the injection moulding of plastisols. 

A better understanding of and advanced mathematical formulation of all the basic mechanisms under realistic machine conditions with a single polymeric feed or a mixture of them, with the goal of simulating the process as a whole ... 

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