Problems in Interpretation

Although many reaction-rate studies do give linear plots, which can therefore be easily interpreted, the results in many other studies are not so simple. In some cases a reaction may be first order at low concentrations but second order at higher concentrations. In other cases, fractional orders as well as negative orders are obtained. The interpretation of complex kinetics often requires much skill and effort. Even where the kinetics are relatively simple, there is often a problem in interpreting the data because of the difficulty of obtaining precise enough measurements. ... 

If the belt moves too quickly, in relation to the rate of deposition, sample will not be deposited on all parts of the belt. This results in the production of an uneven total-ion-current (TIC) trace and a distortion of the mass spectra obtained, with consequent problems in interpretation, particularly if library searching is employed. 

Jenssen, T. A. (1978) Display diversity in anoline lizards and problems in interpretation. In N. Greenberg and D. Maclean (Eds.), Behavior and Neuroethology of Lizards. National Institute of Mental Health, Washington, D.C. pp. 269-285. 

The widespread use of -hexanc as an extractant in the laboratory creates problems in interpreting concentration readings at low levels. Even with good quality control, it may often be impossible to determine whether to attribute a measured value to the actual levels in a sample or to contamination from M-hexanc in the laboratory environment (Otson et al. 1994). For the most part, -hexane is not a common target analyte from water or soil samples. While data based on ambient air samples or sampling in the air of various workplace or residential environments are more numerous, most EPA regulatory programs rely on bulk measurements of total hydrocarbons or total volatile compounds rather than on measurements of specific compounds such as -hexane (Bishop et al. 1994 DeLuchi 1993). 

Unfamiliarity with the observed lesion in a particular species may cause problems in interpretation. 

Asymmetric eliminations of mew-configurated epoxides to give chiral allyl alcohols may most successfully be achieved using the chiral lithium amides which are also successful for the asymmetric deprotonation of ketones (see previous section). Problems in interpretation of asymmetric induction are also similar to those found in deprotonation of the ketones finding the optimal chiral lithium amide and reaction parameters remains largely empirical. 

The first problem in interpretation of the probable ecotoxicity of a given chemical is selecting those species and possible effects, which are most significant (Duffus, 1986). This requires a knowledge of ecosystems at risk together with an ability to assess the likely toxicity of the chemical from its chemical and physical properties and mammalian effect data that are usually available. 

If the formaldehyde polymerization is exothermic, you may have a problem in interpretation. That is, dynamite probably works quite well when immersed in liquid helium in the presence of an appropriate spark. 

The most consistent finding reported in surveys conducted to determine the reproductive success of female operating room personnel has been a questionably higher than expected incidence of miscarriages. However, there are several problems in interpreting these studies. 

Diazonium ions react rapidly with histidyl, lysyl, and tyrosyl residues to form mono- and di-azo derivatives, and much more slowly with arginyl, cysteinyl, and tryptophanyl residues.18 The lack of specificity of the reaction can create problems in interpreting results, particularly if critical residues are modified. The azo-proteins formed may be readily purified, and are intensely colored this property may permit quantitation of the extent of the reaction by measurement of the absorbance. Not uncommonly, however, the products of the reaction are of a dark-brownish color that interferes with many of the standard assays for protein and carbohydrate. 

Adsorption from solution has the merit of being experimentally less demanding than gas adsorption however, the problems in interpretation are far greater. 

A major problem in interpreting the biological factors that are causally related to PTSD arises from the difficulty in differentiating the changes due to depression and drug abuse, which are common co-morbid conditions, and the limitation of most studies to combat victims. 

C.K. Kwoh, and A.R. Feinstein, Rates of sensitivity reactions to aspirin Problems in interpreting the data. Clin. Pharmcol. Ther. 40 494-505, 1986. 

Extrinsic Cotton effects are due to the inherent dissymmetry of the enzyme-bound chromophore (an inherent effect) and/or to the interactions of the chromophore with the encompassing dissymmetric environment (interactive effects). The inherent effects are those which the free chromophore would exhibit if its conformation were identical with that of the enzyme-bound form. The interactive effects result from protein-ligand interactions or ligand-ligand interactions. The main problem in interpretation of die CD of enzyme-bound chromophores is distinguishing between the inherent and the interactive effects. 

Less satisfactory is the measured value for the ratio lS0/170, which holds constant at 4.1 in interstellar clouds, but is about 60% greater in the solar system. The reason for this discrepancy is not understood. It could be a problem in interpretation of the millimeter spectroscopy, a problem with the chemistry of making the observed molecules, or a special circumstance of the birth of the Sun that endowed it with more l80. 

The SRK model has not been without theoretical criticism. Bainbridge (1984) summarizes two of the main points brought forward against it. Firstly, she mentions problems in interpretation of the words skill , rule , and... 

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