Problem solving adhesives

Kenion et al. [225] used LD FTMS for direct analysis of a discoloured adhesive. MALDI-FTICR-MS is a direct way of examining molecular weight distributions. FTMS is not yet widely being used for industrial problem solving, despite long-lasting expectations. Instead, FTICR-MS is the method of... 

Contrary to the generalized approach already presented, models describing the adhesion between a polymer well defined at a molecular level and another, equally molecularly well-defined substrate also exist. These are models in which molecular mechanics and dynamics are applied in their more accepted role described in the Introduction. It must be realized that such models derive from a need different from what has prompted the development of the generalized models already described. They stem from the need to solve some applied problem of adhesion or to upgrade the performance of some adhesive systems in situations where the use of an experimental method would take too long, or is not able to give any clear results. It is for this reason that such models need to use the most precise and well-defined information possible or available on the molecules involved as well as using the sets of potential functions which describe in the most accurately conceptual manner the molecular behavior of the chemical species involved all the research work that uses this approach is then applied to real case, not to idealized models, and is of considerable sophistication. Furthermore, all this type of research work is most commonly supported by direct or indirect experimental results... 

The purpose of this chapter is to look back over the last decades to find a guide to future breakthroughs in adhesion. Let us first consider the problems of adhesion which have been solved, and then look forward to the definition and explanation of the remaining mysteries of molecular forces. 

Imaging modes other than secondary electron, such as cathododlumniscence, are available on the SEM instrument, but the only technique other than secondary electron that is likely to be of very much interest in solving adhesion problems is the use of backscattered primary electrons, which give a topographical image with some compositional contrast. 

We then discussed several examples of how these surface-sensitive techniques can be used to solve problems in adhesion science. The studies chosen were designed to illustrate the methodology involved, the interplay among different techniques, and the usefulness of different forms of data analysis. 

The main problem in the selection of a proper adhesive is to match the adhesive to the adherend. Only experience and the ability to test the strength of trial sample joints can solve the problem. Since adhesives are here to stay, it is always worthwhile to follow the developments in new and interesting adhesive products. 

The symposium in which we are participating is a multidisciplinary one. The symposium was set up in this mode of presentation, in response to the needs of the problem. I would like to offer, at this time, some multidisciplinary remarks as to how we can go about solving the general problem of adhesion. There are, I believe, three components or steps which must be taken, and one of these steps must be taken simultaneously with the other two. 

Polymers are sensitive to ionizing radiation and can be modified with low ion doses. In addition to the fundamental aspects of structural changes, there are several application-related investigations under way. In the electronics packaging industry and for the protective coating of metals [45, 46], the problem of adhesion between metal and polymer may be solved by ion irradiation [47]. Electrical properties such as conductivity as well as the optical properties of polymers can be modified, and as a result investigations in the field of passive optical devices are in progress [48-50]. 

Watts JF (1988) Surf Interf Anal 12 497 Watts JF (2009) Adhesion science and technology. In Riviere JC, Myhra S (eds) Handbook of surface and interface analysis methods for problem solving. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 5651-5656 Watts JF (2010) Role of corrosion in the failure of adhesive joints. In Richardson JA et al (eds) Shreir s corrosion, vol 3. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 2463-2481 Watts JF, Wolstenholme J (2003) An introduction to surface analysis by electron spectroscopy. Wiley, Chichester... 

Later it was found that the polluting lubricant droplets originating from the transport belts used in the production they had fallen into the paint bath and prevented adhesion of the paint to the metal. It can be concluded that the high sensitivity of SSIMS in the detection of submonolayer coverage of organic species makes it an extremely powerful tool for solving such interface problems. 

---