Printing and varnish

PLA is finding new applications in speciality cards such as credit, membership, retail and gift cards. Biodegradable polymers provide retailers and brand owners with an opportunity to provide a more responsible environmental position to traditional plastics such as PVC for these applications. The rigid properties of PLA sheet allow it to be easily scored and PLA also exhibits an optimum surface for printing and varnishing. 

Determination of Hiding Power. The hiding power is the ability of a paint to hide a surface over which it has been uniformly applied. The hiding power of light-colored paints can be determined to an accuracy of ca. 10% by a simple method. Films are applied in different thicknesses to charts that are printed and varnished so as to produce an array of adjacent black and white areas. After drying, the surface is illuminated (1000-4000 lx) and visually examined. The layer thickness (in micrometers) at which contrast between the black and white areas is no longer visible is determined and is taken as a measure of the hiding power. 

Hydrocarbon resins are used extensively as modifiers in adhesives, sealants, printing inks, paints and varnishes, plastics, road marking, flooring, and oil field appHcations. In most cases, they ate compounded with elastomers, plastics, waxes, or oils. Selection of a resin for a particular appHcation is dependent on composition, molecular weight, color, and oxidative and thermal stabiHty, as weU as cost. A listing of all hydrocarbon resin suppHers and the types of resins that they produce is impractical. A representative listing of commercially available hydrocarbon resins and their suppHers is included in Table 6. 

Tetrahydronaphthalene [119-64-2] (Tetralin) is a water-white Hquid that is insoluble in water, slightly soluble in methyl alcohol, and completely soluble in other monohydric alcohols, ethyl ether, and most other organic solvents. It is a powerhil solvent for oils, resins, waxes, mbber, asphalt, and aromatic hydrocarbons, eg, naphthalene and anthracene. Its high flash point and low vapor pressure make it usehil in the manufacture of paints, lacquers, and varnishes for cleaning printing ink from rollers and type in the manufacture of shoe creams and floor waxes as a solvent in the textile industry and for the removal of naphthalene deposits in gas-distribution systems (25). The commercial product typically has a tetrahydronaphthalene content of >97 wt%, with some decahydronaphthalene and naphthalene as the principal impurities. 

Minor uses of vanadium chemicals are preparation of vanadium metal from refined pentoxide or vanadium tetrachloride Hquid-phase organic oxidation reactions, eg, production of aniline black dyes for textile use and printing inks color modifiers in mercury-vapor lamps vanadyl fatty acids as driers in paints and varnish and ammonium or sodium vanadates as corrosion inhibitors in flue-gas scmbbers. 

Wastes from the manufacture, formulation, supply and use (MFSU) of coatings (paints, varnishes and vitreous enamels), adhesive, sealants and printing inks 0801 wastes from MFSU of paint and varnish... 

Acetals can generally be decorated by painting and varnishing after surface treatment. Metallization is very often used with specific grades marketed for this process. Printing is possible with compatible materials and processing. 

Barium acetate is used as a mordant for printing textile fabrics for drying paints and varnishes in lubricating oil in the preparation of other acetates and as a catalyst in organic synthesis. 

Cobalt(II) hydroxide is used as a drier for paints and varnishes and is added to hthographic printing inks to enhance their drying properties. Other applications are in the preparation of cobalt salts as a catalyst and in storage battery electrodes. 

Another process where electron beam equipment is widely used is curing of overprint varnishes (OPVs). OPV is applied over a printed surface to protect the ink layer and to improve the appearance of the product. The exceptionally high gloss of such finishing coatings and varnishes is achieved specifically by EB cure. ... 

Bis(acetylacetonato)manganese shows smoke-retarding properties in poly(vinyl chloride) but Mn203 and MnC03 seem to be superior in this respect.5 The so-called manganese soaps having as anions octanoate, stearate, linoleate, naphthenate and others are used as driers (see Section 66.6.1) for printing inks, varnishes and paints.45... 

Chrysoidine dye salts of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid are soluble in glycols and glycol ethers and are used in the production of inks, printing inks, and varnishes [2],... 

Specific applications include use as a wetting and dispersing agent in textile processing, a paint and varnish stripping agent, in dye baths, stain and printing composition, and in the preparation of... 

Sterilization is easily accomplished by placing the books in an airtight container and supporting them in such a way that the leaves are fanned out—this is important because penetration between the leaves is essential. A tray of thymol crystals (50 g/m3) is placed close to a 40-watt electric lamp, the heat from which is sufficient to vaporize the crystals. The lamp is switched on for about two hours daily for a week. The chamber should have a glass front so that the position of the books and the vaporization of the thymol can be checked. All materials are safe under this treatment with the exception of oil paints and varnishes and silk-screen printing inks, which are softened. 

Use and exposure There are three forms of xylene meto-xylene, ortho-xyltnt, and para-xylene (m-, o-, and p-xylene). These different forms are referred to as isomers. Xylene is a colorless, sweet-smelling liquid that catches tire easily. It occurs naturally in petroleum and coal tar. Chemical industries produce xylene from petroleum. Xylene is used as a solvent in the printing, rubber, and leather industries. It is also used as a cleaning agent, a thinner for paint, and in paints and varnishes. It is found in small amounts in airplane fuel and gasoline. Xylene is used extensively in the manufacture of many other chemicals, such as plastics, synthetic fibers, pesticides, insect repellents, and leather goods. ... 

Set-off can be avoided by the use of anti-set-off compoimds. These are spray powders that reduce the frictional contact between the sheets. Materials like silica and starch, which have a particle diameter slightly greater than the printed ink film thickness, can be used. Slow setting problems may be reduced by the use of less solvent or by a higher ratio of resin to oil. Varnishing with a formula that utilises polymerisation induced by radiation is another way to avoid set-off. The varnish covers the printed surface and direct contact between the layer of print and the iimer food contact surface of the substrate is avoided. 

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