Presentation histogram

These results illustrate how a more systematic management of stakeholder opinions can yield more efficient (and nonintuitive) solutions. In Fig. 7.3 we present histograms... 

Olhoeft and Johnson (1989) have analysed the statistical distribution of density and present histograms for selected types. 

Off-line analysis of stored data review of the stored data, organize data in different presentation windows, plot AE and plant parameters data so as to enable comparison and coirelation with the possibility to present data (histogram of AE events vs position, plant parameters and/or AE parameters vs time) conditioned in terms of time interval (initial time, final time) and/or position interval (defined portion of the component = initial coordinate, final coordinate) and/or plant parameters intervals (one or more plant parameters = initial value, final value). 

The check sheet shown below, which is tool number five, is a simple technique for recording data (47). A check sheet can present the data as a histogram when results are tabulated as a frequency distribution, or a mn chart when the data are plotted vs time. The advantage of this approach to data collection is the abiUty to rapidly accumulate and analy2e data for trends. A check sheet for causes of off-standard polymer production might be as follows ... 

While the F-N curve is a cumulative illustration, the risk profile shows the expected frequency of accidents of a particular category or level of consequence. The diagonal line is a line of constant risk defined such that the product of expected frequency and consequence is a constant at each point along the line. " As the consequences of accidents go up, the expected frequency should go down in order for the risk to remain constant. As the example illustrates, if a portion of the histogram sticks its head up above the line (i.e., a particular type of accident contributes more than its fair share of the risk), then that risk is inconsistent with the risk presented by other accident types. (Note There is no requirement that you use a line of constant risk other more appropriate risk criteria for your application can be easily defined and displayed on the graph.)... 

It presents this information on the CRT screen, prints it or graphs it as a histogram. Figure 12.1-1 shows the main menu. The first selection... 

Due to its nature, random error cannot be eliminated by calibration. Hence, the only way to deal with it is to assess its probable value and present this measurement inaccuracy with the measurement result. This requires a basic statistical manipulation of the normal distribution, as the random error is normally close to the normal distribution. Figure 12.10 shows a frequency histogram of a repeated measurement and the normal distribution f(x) based on the sample mean and variance. The total area under the curve represents the probability of all possible measured results and thus has the value of unity. 

The distribution function of the vectors normal to the surfaces,/(x), for the direction of the magnetic field B, in accord with the directions of the crystallographic axis (100) for the P, D, G surfaces, is presented in Fig. 6. The histograms for the P, D, G are practically the same, as they should be the differences between the histograms are of the order of a line width. The accuracy of the numerical results can be judged by comparing the histograms obtained in our calculation with the analytically calculated distribution function for the P, D, G surfaces [29]. The sohd line in Fig. 6(a) represents the result of analytical calculations [35]. 

Fig. 8-4. Histograms made from x-ray spectrographic chart recordings for one genuine and two counterfeit bank notes. (Bee also Fig. 7-1.) These counterfeit bills were obtained through the courtesy of the United States Secret Service Office at Syracuse, N.Y., with whose permission these data are presented.

Each of the methods of data presentation has its own special problems in terms of the amount of extractable information one can obtain. We will address each of these in turn, starting with the least complicated one, which is the Histogram . 

Consider, for example, a site characterized by a highly skewed distribution of pollutant concentrations, as apparent In the histogram of data values of Figure 2a. These values present a coefficient of... 

A number of textbooks and review articles are available which provide background and more-general simulation techniques for fluids, beyond the calculations of the present chapter. In particular, the book by Frenkel and Smit [1] has comprehensive coverage of molecular simulation methods for fluids, with some emphasis on algorithms for phase-equilibrium calculations. General review articles on simulation methods and their applications - e.g., [2-6] - are also available. Sections 10.2 and 10.3 of the present chapter were adapted from [6]. The present chapter also reviews examples of the recently developed flat-histogram approaches described in Chap. 3 when applied to phase equilibria. 

Histograms for two runs at different chemical potentials are presented in Fig. 10.2. There is a range of N over which the two runs overlap. In Fig. 10.3 we show the function lnp(iV) — f S/iN for the data of Fig. 10.2. Rearranging (10.15) and taking the logarithm, we see that this function is related to the Helmholtz free energy... 

At present dedicated TCSPC FLIM boards are commercially available. They are compatible with most LSMS and are easily synchronized with the scanning microscope and pulsed laser. These boards, often plug-in cards for PCs, have a lower deadtime than do the conventional TCSPC electronics intended for use in spectroscopy and the memory bottle neck of the histogram-ming memory has been removed [21, 22], Consequently, these dedicated boards provide higher acquisition speeds. 

The results for the first phase of the national survey are also presented in histogram form in Figures 1 and 2 together with the annualised effective dose equivalents estimated using the factors given in Table I. It is evident from the data that in the majority of households surveyed the radon concentrations and associated doses are low. In a small percentage of cases however individual households have been found with very high radon... 

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